A Christian Decision? Cease Aiding Refugees to Assist the Well-Off

In the News
Mark Sheerin used to work in Third World countries for World Vision, which describes itself as "a Christian humanitarian organization dedicated to working with children, families and their communities worldwide to reach their full potential by tackling the causes of poverty and injustice." One of his projects with World Vision was aimed at rehabilitating children and women who'd been victims of human trafficking and child labor.
He now works for a financial planning and wealth management firm in Atlanta, Georgia -- Sherrill & Hutchins -- where as chief operations officer and part owner, he oversees business management for the company and implementation of client portfolios.
Sheerin is a professing Christian, and he freely admits that the distance between his former work and his current employment "seems unbridgeable some days." Other days, however, "the two worlds look more similar than I imagined," he says.
In an article by Sheerin published last week in Christianity Today, he argues that that similarity is in the task of "creating redemptive spaces in a fallen and tangled world."
"If poverty is understood in terms of social constructs rather than economic ones, the playing field levels between the refugee and the investment banker," Sheerin explains.
Sheerin says that a sermon from his hometown pastor based on Jeremiah 29 helped him make the decision about the transition. In that chapter, God, through Jeremiah, tells the Jewish exiles how they should relate to the Babylonian culture in which they were forced to live. They were not to withdraw and reject the culture, but were to "seek the peace and prosperity of the city ... if it prospers, you  too will prosper." Applying this to himself, Sheerin writes, "Rather than keeping myself separated vocationally, here was a call to bind oneself to the lost in this world and to seek their holiness and prosperity."
Expanding on that, Sheerin says, "For my own life, it meant leaving explicitly Christian ministry and seeking the well-being of Atlanta by lashing myself to the mast of this city's ship. If I am to care about myself, I must by necessity also care about my colleagues, clients and the city in which I live."
Sheerin argues that the historic revivalist message of Christianity, which proclaimed the "urgency of salvation" had the "side effect of creating a message that was less comprehensive than what Jesus proclaimed."
"Jesus did not come to call the truly faithful to the mission field, the less faithful to the pastorate and the barely faithful to finance," Sheerin says.
Sheerin also cites Jesus' "mission statement" in Luke 4:18-19, and says, "Jesus came to earth not just to patch up a relationship between mankind and an offended Father, but to radically reconcile all things to himself. He came to bring redemption to institutions and individuals, to the realms of justice and law, to education and child-rearing, to farms, to cities, to finance -- to everything. Jesus came to undo the shattered world in which man stands alone and isolated," Sheerin adds.
"Believing that finance and feeding starving children both amount to good work in God's eyes still challenges me on my best days," Sheerin says. "But then I remember Jesus' mission to conquer sin and its effects in all its forms and in every place. Fighting against economic injustice through World Vision or through a financial planning firm are both mandated by God. Both tasks are valuable, both tasks seek redemption of broken systems and fallen people. Instead of digging wells, my firm walks with widows through the jungle of probate. Instead of sponsoring children, my firm partners with families through difficult, end-of-life decisions," Sheerin says.
He adds, "I now have a theology of place. I now work where I live where I worship. My job allows me to see and to seek God's restoration and un-breaking of the fall in the city where I live."
More on this story can be found at these links:
Why I Left World Vision for Finance. Christianity Today
World Vision
Sherrill & Hutchins Financial Advisory, Inc. (Click on the Mark Sheerin photo)
The Big Questions
1. Is Sheerin right? Can assisting the well-off with financial management be as much of a ministry as aiding impoverished refugees? What do you make of his statement that "Jesus did not come to call the truly faithful to the mission field, the less faithful to the pastorate and the barely faithful to finance"?
2. Bearing in mind that there are no explicit ministry aspects to Sheerin's current work in the wealth management field, in what ways can his work there be a fulfilling of his call to follow Jesus? In what ways do you see your employment as a fulfilling of your call to follow Jesus?
3. Sheerin speaks of "creating redemptive spaces" in both worlds in which he has worked. "Redemptive spaces" sounds like jargon. What do you think Sheerin means by the term? Could it be "redemptive situations in which people find themselves"? Could it be "sharing the good news of salvation"? Sheerin elaborates on redemptive spaces, saying, "... I remember Jesus' mission to conquer sin and its effects in all its forms and in every place. Fighting against economic injustice through World Vision or through a financial planning firm are both mandated by God. Both tasks are valuable, both tasks seek redemption of broken systems and fallen people." What might be an example of where redemption ought to be sought where you work?
4. When have you attempted to convince yourself that your choices are God's will because they are the thing you really wanted to do? Do you find that God pushes you toward difficult tasks? How does God confirm that you're right to pursue the work you're doing?
5. Sheerin's current work is likely to be more rewarding in terms of his personal income than was his former work, since the people he serves voluntarily pay him in the belief that his services have value. Does this affect the ministry aspect and the spiritual value of his service? Why or why not? Does the fact that a pastor of a large congregation often gets paid more than the pastor of a smaller congregation affect the spiritual value of that pastor's work?
Confronting the News With Scripture and Hope
Here are some Bible verses to guide your discussion:
Jeremiah 29:7
But seek the welfare of the city where I have sent you into exile, and pray to the LORD on its behalf, for in its welfare you will find your welfare. (For context, read 29:1-14.)
We have cited this verse in several previous installments of TWW as it is appropriate to many topics related to living out one's faith. We're using it again here because it's a verse Sheerin specifically mentioned as supporting his decision to work in finance instead of in international aid.
The verse is from a letter the prophet Jeremiah wrote to the people of Judah shortly after they were exiled in Babylon, telling them that the exile would last a long time and that they should not only resign themselves to a long stay, but should actively seek the welfare of the land where they had been taken. They were actually to work for the good of Babylon. They were not to forget who they were or where they came from, but neither were they to think of themselves merely as short-term visitors with no stake in the well-being of Babylon.
Questions: Jeremiah's text was addressed to an oppressed, captive people who were strangers in a strange land. Is applying it in Sheerin's case a proper use of the text?
Should we pray for people in the financial industry and for those who use its services? If so, what should we pray regarding those folks? Should be pray for those who criticize or denigrate those in the financial industry or who use its services? If so, what should we pray regarding those folks? If we find ourselves in any of these categories, what should we pray concerning ourselves?
Nehemiah 5:14-15
Moreover from the time that I was appointed to be their governor in the land of Judah, from the twentieth year to the thirty-second year of King Artaxerxes, twelve years, neither I nor my brothers ate the food allowance of the governor. The former governors who were before me laid heavy burdens on the people, and took food and wine from them, besides forty shekels of silver. Even their servants lorded it over the people. But I did not do so, because of the fear of God. (For context, read 5:14-19.)
Nehemiah has a respected place in the history of Israel, and is seen as one who did the Lord's will. He was not primarily a spiritual leader, however, but a civic one. It was he who instigated and oversaw the rebuilding of the walls of Jerusalem after the Jewish exiles were allowed to return home.
Judah was no longer an independent state, but was now a district of the Persian Empire. Nehemiah was a Jew who'd been appointed governor of Judah by the Persian king, so his appointment was technically a secular one. But note how Nehemiah's faith ("the fear of God") influenced how he behaved in office. Unlike previous governors, he not only didn't use the food allowance granted by his office (which would have to be collected from the people), but he even regularly fed 150 people at his own expense (v. 17).
Question: Would you say that this was a "ministry" of Nehemiah, an example of how a disciple of God should behave when rooted in "secular" work? If not, what would you label it? What sort of opportunities are available in your line of work where you can be in ministry?
Luke 4:17-18
He unrolled the scroll and found the place where it was written "The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because he has anointed me to bring good news to the poor, He has sent me to proclaim release to the captives and recovery of sight to the blind, to let the oppressed go free ..." (For context, read 4:16-30.)
This is the other text Sheerin specifically mentioned. Soon after Jesus "went public," he announced the tone for his ministry by reading from the book of Isaiah in his hometown synagogue. Invited to be the reader that morning, he turned to Isaiah 61:1-2, and read. No problem with that. But then he electrified the congregation by adding, "Today this scripture has been fulfilled in your hearing" (v. 21). In other words, Jesus was saying that his work was to bring the good news that included proclamation of "release to the captives."
Questions: Since Jesus did not go on in his ministry to challenge the institution of slavery, some might want to argue that he was referring more to those who were spiritually enslaved to sin, but some of his followers ever since have understood his words as a call to confront and end all forms of oppression. How might Jesus' words apply to you where you work?
Do you think the passages of Scripture Sheerin cited from Jeremiah 29 and Luke 4 support his conclusion that his vocation is to create "redemptive spaces in a fallen and tangled world," and especially in the financial industry? Why or why not?
Matthew 19:23-24
Then Jesus said to his disciples, "Truly I tell you, it will be hard for a rich person to enter the kingdom of heaven. Again I tell you, it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for someone who is rich to enter the kingdom of God." (For context, read 19:16-30.)
This sort of comment from Jesus and other biblical writers has led some to think that one cannot be wealthy and be faithful to God, and it probably contributes to the idea that the financial industry cannot be a place where God is served. But that is not what Jesus was saying. He was talking about how wealth can be a stumbling block or barrier on the road of faithfulness, but he was not saying one cannot be financially well-off and still serve God.
Question: On what basis is it possible for anyone -- rich or poor -- to enter the kingdom of God?
Respond to this, from a TWW team member: "It is evident that there are rich people in the New Testament. Each house church has a rich homeowner at the head. Mary of Magdala is a rich person. Lydia is a rich person. But James does not say in his letter to make sure you look after the rich people so they don't have to suffer any more than they already do. Jesus does not say, 'Blessed are the rich for they shall have loads of cash.'"
Colossians 1:19-20
For in him all the fullness of God was pleased to dwell, and through him God was pleased to reconcile to himself all things, whether on earth or in heaven, by making peace through the blood of his cross. (For context, read 1:15-20.)
The words in Colossians 1:15-20 are probably the lyrics of an early Christian hymn that Paul is citing in support of his claims about Jesus as the Son of God. In the two verses quoted above, the hymn says that through Jesus, "God was pleased to reconcile to himself all things." Sheerin did not quote these verses, but he seems to be alluding to them when he said, "Jesus came to earth not just to patch up a relationship between mankind and an offended Father, but to radically reconcile all things to himself."
"All things," we suspect, means "all things." That is, even the institutions that we don't normally think of as spiritual realms, such as business, finance, politics, industry and more, are subject to the redemption Christ brings. And how does he do that? Perhaps through those faithful to him working in such arenas.
Questions: What does it mean to be reconciled to Christ? Regarding Christ's reconciling work, who benefits?
For Further Discussion
1. It's likely that the two main categories of reactions to the Sheerin article will be:
- How could he? He's just rationalizing and avoiding his calling.
- What's the big deal? God calls people to different vocations at different times, and there's no reason to believe this is any different.
Ask a class members to take the first position and another class member to take the second and have them debate Sheerin's decision. Then invite the rest of the class to comment on the issues raised by the debaters.
2. Regarding how ministry happens through one's employment, one TWW team member commented, "During the past year, the manager of the local Walmart has probably helped more poor people than the manager of the local soup kitchen." What do you understand that to mean? How does that relate to ministry and vocation?
3. From a spiritual standpoint, which is more of a ministry: assisting those who likely know they need help or assisting those who may have no idea they need help?
4. Under what circumstances are nonprofit groups the better way to address major human problems? Under what circumstances are for-profit groups the better way?
Responding to the News
If you've been thinking of your employment as "just a job" or "just a way to earn a living," this could be a good time to consider how it could also be a place where you help to create "redemptive spaces."

Closing Prayer
Show us, O Lord, how we can be your people in our workplaces. In Jesus' name. Amen.

Powerful Meteor Hits Earth While Asteroid Flies By

Two days after Ash Wednesday and the day after Valentine's Day, 2013, a brilliant 7,000- to 10,000-ton meteor shot from the heavens across Siberia at a speed of 40,000 miles an hour, exploding over the Ural Mountains with the force of 500 kilotons of TNT, or about 30 times that of the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in World War II. Parts of the meteor fell through ice into Lake Chebarkul in a perfectly round hole about 20 feet in diameter.
Tatyana N. Vasiliyeva, a retired accountant who was walking with her husband on the lakeshore Friday morning, said she saw "a star getting brighter, like the sun ... a fiery star falling right on me, and so I thought I should just close my eyes now." Valentina Nikolayeva, a teacher in the industrial city of Chelyabinsk about 54 miles from the point of impact, described "an unreal light which never happens in life; it happens probably only in the end of the world."
Darya Frenn blogged that it felt like "summer in the yard," followed by chaos. "God forbid you should ever have to experience anything like this." She wondered if she was witnessing radiation, a plane crash or the beginning of a war. She worried about her family. When she heard it was a meteor, she thought it could happen again, so she packed a suitcase just in case, pondering where she could flee to safety if the entire Earth was under attack.
According to NASA, more than 500 meteorites, ranging in size from marbles to basketballs, hit Earth's atmosphere every year, but explosions of this magnitude are less frequent: The last time a space rock of this size, at least 50 feet in diameter, struck the Earth was in 1908.
This time, remarkably, no one was killed, though 1,158 people were injured in Chelyabinsk. A fourth-grade teacher, Yulia Karbysheva, was hailed as a hero for executing a Cold War-type of drill as she ordered her 44 students to "duck and cover" under their desks when she saw the flash; while she suffered serious lacerations, not one of her pupils was hurt.
When the meteor entered the Earth's atmosphere, its shock waves knocked out cell phone signals, shattered dishes and televisions, triggered car alarms, stopped traffic for hours and caused extensive property damage due to broken windows, exposed water pipes, collapsed walls, blown roofs and falling objects in homes, schools and businesses.
Russia mobilized 24,000 emergency officials to inspect critical infrastructure such as transportation lines, dams, hospitals, a space launch site, nuclear power plants, chemical factories and other industrial and military facilities in the forested rust-belt region. Most were unharmed, but Russian Minister of Civil Defense Vladimir Puchkov said 297 homes, 12 schools and other facilities did sustain damage. A city administrator in Chelyabinsk said that more than a million square feet of glass shattered.
The propagation effects of shock waves can produce strange results: The blast blew Anna V. Popova's balcony windows in but left her neighbor's identical set untouched. There was extensive damage at a brick-and-steel-reinforced zinc factory, while only a few yards away, a three-story glass building occupied by a Hundai dealership was unscathed.
"A lot of people suffered, not us alone," Ms. Popova said, but added that there seemed to be randomness in whose property was damaged. "Who are we supposed to blame for all this? Nobody, of course."
Local residents marvelled over their luck at having survived a cosmic near miss. Alyona V. Borchininova, a barmaid who stood on the edge of the hole in the lake, said, "It was eerie, so we stood there. And then somebody joked, 'Now the green men will crawl out and say hello.'"
Out on the lake, an ice fisherman, who gave his name only as Dmitri, shrugged off the event. "A meteor fell," he said. "So what? Who knows what can fall out of the sky? It didn't hit anybody. That is the important thing,"
But in the Church of the Transfiguration, on a hill overlooking Lake Chebarkul, Deacon Sergiy had a different interpretation. He had just closed the doors in a wall of icons symbolizing the entombment of Jesus after his crucifixion and the imminence of the Resurrection when the flash of the meteor flooded the chapel with brilliance. "It was like a new sun was born," he said. "This all gives us reason to think. Is the purpose of our life just to raise a family and die, or is it to live eternally? It was a reason for people on earth to look up, to look up at God."
"People can consider February 15 their second birthday," the governor of Chelyabinsk, Mikhail Yurevich, told reporters. "God directed danger away."
Just in case the meteor didn't get your attention, Space Rock DA14, an asteroid about 150 feet in diameter (about the size of an Olympic swimming pool), missed the Earth by about 17,100 miles the evening of the very same day. It passed closer than some satellites, over the Indian Ocean near Sumatra. Had the asteroid hit Earth in a vertical impact, it would have resulted in enormous damage and wiped out 750 square miles given its 143,000-ton heft, releasing energy equivalent to 2.4 million tons of TNT or about 120 atomic bombs such as those used on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
According to NASA, an object of this size makes a close approach like this every 40 years. The likelihood of a strike is every 1,200 years. Astronomers called the fly-by of the asteroid and the fall of the meteor on the same day a coincidence, since the space objects appeared to be travelling in opposite directions.
But former Apollo astronaut Rusty Schweickart, chairman emeritus of the B612 Foundation dedicated to the mission of protecting Earth from dangerous asteroids, said, "We are in a shooting gallery and this is graphic evidence of it." Asteroid DA14, discovered by Spanish astronomers only last February, is "such a close call" that it is a "celestial torpedo across the bow of spaceship Earth," Schweickart said.
The same day the meteor struck and the asteroid missed Earth, passengers on board the Carnival cruise ship TRIUMPH finally made it safely back to shore after an unexpected grueling four-day delay, during which the travellers suffered shortages of food, medicine and adequate sanitation. Among the 4,000-plus passengers and crew who began the cruise on February 7 were Joseph and Cecilia Alvarez. The day before their scheduled return on Monday, February 11th, fire broke out in the engine room, stranding the vessel in the Gulf of Mexico. Cecilia's first thoughts were of their four children. "What if I don't go home?" she thought. "What if I don't see my kids anymore?"
One Bible verse kept coming to her mind, Joshua 1:9 (NIV): "Have I not commanded you? Be strong and courageous. Do not be afraid; do not be discouraged, for the LORD your God will be with you wherever you go." She and Joseph decided to meet with other passengers to study the Bible, pray, sing and share testimonies together for mutual encouragement.
"The Bible studies ... put our minds and our hearts at ease," Joseph said. "We felt peace the whole time. We knew that there was a Mighty Power out there that would get us home and keep us safe so we could get home and see our children."
They read Psalm 29:3 (NIV) – "the voice of the LORD is over the waters" – and Psalm 91 about taking refuge in God. "Whenever two or more are gathered in his name, he's there," Joseph said.
"I have God in my heart always," Cecilia said, "but this situation ... I really appreciate and love God for what he has done for us."
More on this story can be found at these links:
After Assault From the Heavens, Russians Search for Clues and Count Blessings. NYTimes.com
Shock Wave of Fireball Meteor Rattles Siberia, Injuring 1,200. NYTimes.com
In Russia, Ruins and Property Spared by Meteor, Side by Side. NYTimes.com
Meteor Strikes Russia While Asteroid Misses Earth. Forbes
Exploding Meteorite Injures a Thousand People in Russia. Forbes
Asteroid Misses Earth by 17,000 Miles After Meteor Strikes Russia. The Guardian
Asteroid Buzzes, Misses Earth -- Unlike Meteor. Time.com
Stranded Cruise Passengers Turn to Faith. billygraham.org
The Big Questions
1. Comment on this from TWW team member Heidi Mann: "The seeming randomness of what/who was affected (damaged, hurt, ruined) and what/who was not ... the seeming randomness of things in daily life: someone gets cancer, someone else doesn't; one family has tragedy after tragedy, another seemingly perpetual good luck; someone who eats well and exercises regularly drops dead of a heart attack while a longtime overeater, smoker, drinker, risk-taker lives to be 99 -- where is God in the midst of that? How do we understand it from a faith standpoint?"
2. Have you ever thought "This is it; I'm not going to make it to my next birthday"? Have you ever faced something unexpected that caused you to think that perhaps your time on Earth might be shorter than you had thought likely? Did that experience change how you live life now?
3. When an unexpected trauma occurs, are you more likely to respond with the attitude of the barmaid, the ice fisherman or the deacon in the story? What other coping mechanisms do you see people using in Siberia and on board the cruise ship? How can you cope most effectively when you are in extreme stress?
4. Respond to Deacon Sergiy's statement: "This all gives us reason to think. Is the purpose of our life just to raise a family and die, or is it to live eternally? It was a reason for people on earth to look up, to look up at God."
5. On board the cruise ship Triumph, Cecilia came to appreciate God afresh. Why is it that times of stress seem to break some people's spirits but build other people's faith? How can you make it through such experiences stronger, rather than crushed in spirit?
Confronting the News with Scripture and Hope
Here are some Bible verses to guide your discussion:
Joel 2:30-32
I will show portents in the heavens and on the earth, blood and fire and columns of smoke. The sun shall be turned to darkness, and the moon to blood, before the great and terrible day of the LORD comes. Then everyone who calls on the name of the LORD shall be saved; for in Mount Zion and in Jerusalem there shall be those who escape, as the LORD has said, and among the survivors shall be those whom the LORD calls. (For context, read 2:28-32.)
Peter quotes this passage from the prophet Joel on the day of Pentecost (see Acts 2:16-21). The movement of God's Spirit is seen both in signs in the heavens and on the earth as well, in the outpouring of visions, dreams and prophetic ministry upon male and female, young and old, slave and free.
Questions: Do you see events such as the fall of the meteor to earth or the passing of the asteroid so close to earth primarily in scientific terms, or as a "portent" or "sign" of something? If the latter, to what future event might such signs point us? For what purpose might God show us portents in the heavens and on earth?
Does everything have to have significance? Are some things just random, and delightful in their randomness? Do you, or do people you know, often suggest that cosmic or human events point to the end times? How do you respond when you hear such statements? How do people respond to you when you make such statements?
Matthew 16:1-4
The Pharisees and Sadducees came, and to test Jesus they asked him to show them a sign from heaven. He answered them, "When it is evening, you say, 'It will be fair weather, for the sky is red.' And in the morning, 'It will be stormy today, for the sky is red and threatening.' You know how to interpret the appearance of the sky, but you cannot interpret the signs of the times. An evil and adulterous generation asks for a sign, but no sign will be given to it except the sign of Jonah." Then he left them and went away. (No context needed.)
Luke 16:29-31
Abraham replied, "They have Moses and the prophets; they should listen to them." He said, "No, father Abraham; but if someone goes to them from the dead, they will repent." He said to him, "If they do not listen to Moses and the prophets, neither will they be convinced even if someone rises from the dead." (For context, read 16:19-31.)
The passage in Luke 16 records a story Jesus told of a rich man who had no mercy on a poor beggar in this life. After both had died, in agony in Hades, the rich man sought relief from the poor man now living in comfort "with Abraham." At the very least, perhaps Father Abraham might send a warning sign for his brothers who were still alive on earth.
Questions: What is the "sign of Jonah" to which Jesus refers? Why is that the only sign God gives to "an evil and adulterous generation"? Why does Father Abraham decline to send someone back from the dead to warn the rich man's brothers? If people do not listen to Moses and the prophets who spoke of Jesus (Luke 24:27), if they do not accept the sign of Jonah or the resurrection of Christ from the dead, of what use to them are portents in the heavens?
Luke 21:25-27
"There will be signs in the sun, the moon, and the stars, and on the earth distress among nations confused by the roaring of the sea and the waves. People will faint from fear and foreboding of what is coming upon the world, for the powers of the heavens will be shaken. Then they will see 'the Son of Man coming in a cloud' with power and great glory." (For context, read 21:5-36.)
Jesus prophesied the destruction of the temple in Jerusalem, which happened literally in 70 A.D., and figuratively when the temple of his body was crucified. His disciples wanted to know what sign they should look for that his prophecies were about to come true. Jesus predicted false messiahs, wars, rumor-mongering, earthquakes, famines, plagues, persecution, unimaginable suffering and the proclamation of the gospel to all nations. But through all these events Jesus' disciples are not to panic, worry or fall into debauchery, but rather be alert and prayerful so they can stand before Christ and as a testimony to him (Luke 21:34-36). After stars fall from heaven, Matthew 24:30 says, "Then the sign of the Son of Man will appear in heaven."
Questions: How can you guard against panic and anxiety when you hear so many stories these days about natural disasters, dramatic events such as meteors falling from heaven and narrow misses by asteroids, and unexpected events like an engine fire that threatens the lives of 4,000-plus souls on board a luxury liner?
2 Corinthians 11:23-28
... with far greater labors, far more imprisonments, with countless floggings, and often near death. Five times I have received from the Jews the forty lashes minus one. Three times I was beaten with rods. Once I received a stoning. Three times I was shipwrecked; for a night and a day I was adrift at sea; on frequent journeys, in danger from rivers, danger from bandits, danger from my own people, danger from Gentiles, danger in the city, danger in the wilderness, danger at sea, danger from false brothers and sisters; in toil and hardship, through many a sleepless night, hungry and thirsty, often without food, cold and naked. And, besides other things, I am under daily pressure because of my anxiety for all the churches. (No context needed.)
2 Corinthians 4:7-10
But we have this treasure in clay jars, so that it may be made clear that this extraordinary power belongs to God and does not come from us. We are afflicted in every way, but not crushed; perplexed, but not driven to despair; persecuted, but not forsaken; struck down, but not destroyed; always carrying in the body the death of Jesus, so that the life of Jesus may also be made visible in our bodies. (For context, read 4:1, 5-18.)
Paul recounts the incredible suffering he has experienced and stresses that he is able to minister as he does, whatever adversity comes, because of the mercy (4:1) and power of God (4:7).
Questions: When you face a traumatic experience, how can it help to remember that the same God who brought light out of darkness at Creation also shines in our hearts to give the light of the knowledge of God in the face of Christ (4:6)? On board the cruise ship Triumph, Cecilia Alvarez met a teenager who said they were there for a reason. Why does God allow us to go through such difficulties?
Acts 27:22-25, 44
I urge you now to keep up your courage, for there will be no loss of life among you, but only of the ship. For last night there stood by me an angel of the God to whom I belong and whom I worship, and he said, "Do not be afraid, Paul; you must stand before the emperor; and indeed, God has granted safety to all those who are sailing with you." So keep up your courage, men, for I have faith in God that it will be exactly as I have been told. ... And so it was that all [two hundred and seventy-six souls] were brought safely to land. (For context, read 27:1-44.)
Paul was a prisoner on board a ship bound for Rome when the ship encountered violent weather and foundered for several days. The passengers and crew were in a terrible state, not having eaten for a long time. Paul had warned the ship's captain not to sail, but he had ignored his advice. After chiding the sailors with a bit of "I told you so," Paul encouraged them with a message of hope.
Questions: In times of adversity, how can you as a believer bring a word of hope and a witness of grace to those who are not yet in a saving relationship with Jesus Christ?

Pope's Resignation Stuns Catholics Worldwide

On Monday, Pope Benedict XVI surprised the Roman Catholic world by announcing that he will resign from the papacy on February 28, due to failing mental and physical strength to carry on the work of that office.
What made the 85-year-old pontiff's decision so startling is that almost all of his predecessors have stayed in office until their death. The last pope to resign willingly was Celestine V in 1294. Gregory XII abdicated in 1415, but only to end a dispute with a rival claimant to the papacy.
Still, there's been no widespread condemnation of Benedict's decision, and many Catholics have expressed understanding. The crowd at the Ash Wednesday service at the Vatican cheered him.
Speaking in Latin, Benedict made his announcement to a meeting of Vatican cardinals on Monday morning. What follows is an English translation of his remarks:
"After having repeatedly examined my conscience before God, I have come to the certainty that my strengths, due to an advanced age, are no longer suited to an adequate exercise of the Petrine ministry. I am well aware that this ministry, due to its essential spiritual nature, must be carried out not only with words and deeds, but no less with prayer and suffering.
"However, in today's world, subject to so many rapid changes and shaken by questions of deep relevance for the life of faith, in order to govern the bark [ship] of Saint Peter and proclaim the Gospel, both strength of mind and body are necessary, strength which in the last few months, has deteriorated in me to the extent that I have had to recognize my incapacity to adequately fulfill the ministry entrusted to me. For this reason, and well aware of the seriousness of this act, with full freedom I declare that I renounce the ministry of Bishop of Rome, Successor of Saint Peter, entrusted to me by the Cardinals on 19 April 2005, in such a way that, as from 28 February 2013, at 20:00 hours, the See of Rome, the See of Saint Peter, will be vacant and a Conclave to elect the new Supreme Pontiff will have to be convoked by those whose competence it is."
The pope's decision to step down is likely to have little impact on non-Roman Catholic Christians. No Protestant, Orthodox or unclassified Christian body, including those with hierarchical structures, has a position that is equivalent to the papacy, and most non-Catholic Christians do not think of the pope as speaking for them.
More on this story can be found at these links:
Full Text of Pope Benedict XVI's Declaration. CNN
Pope's Sudden Resignation Sends Shockwaves Through Church. Reuters
Successor to Benedict Will Lead a Church at a Crossroads. New York Times

The Big Questions
1. In the realm of our faith, what is meant by a "calling"? What callings are normally understood as for a lifetime? What callings are normally understood as time-limited? What makes the difference? How do we know when we are called for a season rather than for a lifetime?
Are there term limits for those serving in leadership for your congregation? Tell why that is or isn't a good idea.
2. At what point does continuing to serve in a position actually impede the goal the position was created to accomplish? What factors should be considered as indicators that it may be time for you to relinquish a position? Can retirement be a calling from God? How can a person know?
3. Sometimes people feel called to step down from a position when they are still effective in that work, are handling it well and are enjoying it. How do we determine when God may be calling us from one field of service to another?
4. In what sense does your service in a position within the church create a helpful legacy? When withdrawing from a position, how can you enable your successor to make a good start?
5. To what degree is your sense of who you are tied up with what you feel called to do? How is your identity affected when you are no longer working at that calling? What do you think it means that we are called  "human beings," not "human doings"?
Confronting the News With Scripture and Hope
Here are some Bible verses to guide your discussion:
Deuteronomy 31:2
I am now one hundred twenty years old. I am no longer able to get about, and the LORD has told me, "You shall not cross over this Jordan." (For context, read 31:1-8, 14-15.)
This statement is from Moses, acknowledging that his advancing age rendered him incapable to "get about." Despite this declaration, the Bible says Moses was still vigorous and had good eyesight (Deuteronomy 34:7), but he obviously felt he was no longer able to do the job to which God had called him. Moses had clearly been in communication with God about this, and God had even told him to commission his successor, Joshua.
Since Moses died a short time later (Deuteronomy 34:7), his calling was, in effect, "until death." But before his death, Moses was able to read the signs, and thus arranged for an orderly transition and a strong leader to carry on the work of leading the Israelites.
Questions: In what sense is retirement intended to contribute to orderly transitions and the continuation of the work? An expectation of "retirement" is a relatively recent concept in human history. What are some advantages and disadvantages of an expectation of retirement?
Have you observed or heard about instances where retired leaders continued to control a situation or provide leadership to the detriment of those who replaced them?
Exodus 39:32
In this way all the work of the tabernacle of the tent of meeting was finished; the Israelites had done everything just as the LORD had commanded Moses. (For context, read 39:32-43.)
This verse is referring to the completion of the tabernacle, which was a portable center for sacrifice that the Israelites carried with them during their time in the wilderness. God gave specific instruction for its construction, adornment and furnishing, and craftspeople from the Israelite tribe contributed their skills and labor to create the structure and all that was in it. Two multi-skilled men, Bezalel and Oholiab (Exodus 35:30--36:2), were asked to supervise the work of the others.
This was a divine calling, not only for Bezalel and Oholiab, but for each artisan and laborer involved, but it was a time-limited calling. Once the task was finished, with everything done "just as the LORD had commanded Moses," the workers were released from their calling.
The Bible includes other examples of time-limited callings as well, including the people called to build the temple (both Solomon's temple and later the post-exilic temple), and those called to rebuild the walls of Jerusalem in Nehemiah's day.
Questions: Should we value longer-term ministries more than shorter-term ministries? What is the value, for instance, of volunteering to teach a Sunday school class for a month, a quarter or only part of a year? Does your class have the same leader for an extended period of time, or is there a rotating leadership? What are the advantages and disadvantages to this sort of leadership?
What ongoing calling did the workers who built the tabernacle have even after their project was completed?
1 Samuel 12:2
See, it is the king who leads you now; I am old and gray, but my sons are with you. I have led you from my youth until this day. (For context, read 12:1-7, 23-25.)
Samuel had spent his life as the Lord's prophet, judge and priest, and he was now old and, apparently, hoping for some rest. His statement above sounds like he's planning to step down. He had anointed Saul to be Israel's first king and he had installed his two sons to be judges in his  place.
In verse 23, Samuel refers to his intention to continue to pray for the people and even to instruct them "in the good and the right way." But that sounds like post-retirement activity at a slower pace, leaving others to deal with active leadership.
As it happened, however, Saul disobeyed God and the Lord rejected him as Israel's king (1 Samuel 15:10-11). Samuel's sons proved to lack their father's character; "they took bribes and perverted justice" (1 Samuel 8:3). Thus, while Samuel may have intended to step down, circumstances demanded that he stay "in harness." At the Lord's instruction, he challenged Saul on his failure (1 Samuel 13:13-14) and anointed a new king, David (1 Samuel 16:11-13). It's not known if he was able to do anything about his sons' corruption, but clearly, his plans for a quiet retirement didn't come to fruition. Later, when Saul was trying to kill David, Samuel took David in and gave him sanctuary (1 Samuel 19:18-24). Samuel's death is recorded in 1 Samuel 25:1.
Question: To what degree do circumstances and need become evidence that God is calling you to carry on with a task or responsibility when you would rather step down?
2 Timothy 4:6-7
As for me, I am already being poured out as a libation, and the time of my departure has come. I have fought the good fight, I have finished the race, I have kept the faith. (For context, read 4:1-8.)
Clearly, Paul understood his call to be an evangelist for Christ as one that had no retirement plan, no cessation until he stepped into eternity.
Questions: In what ways should Paul's understanding of his call as ongoing affect our understanding of our service to the church? Can you think of occasions when the leadership of a congregation might have benefited from a long-time pastor, board chair or other leader stepping down sooner than he or she did?
Ephesians 1:17-18
I pray that the God of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of glory, may give you a spirit of wisdom and revelation as you come to know him, so that, with the eyes of your heart enlightened, you may know what is the hope to which he has called you, what are the riches of his glorious inheritance among the saints ... (For context, read 1:15-23.)
Ephesians 4:1
I therefore, the prisoner in the Lord, beg you to lead a life worthy of the calling to which you have been called ... (For context, read 4:1-6.)
Regarding our faith in Christ, some callings can be considered to be till death and even beyond. Here in Ephesians, Paul mentions two such callings: For one, we Christians are called to "hope" (that is, to the confidence that when all is said and done, God is the victor over sin, death, chaos, wrong, etc. That hope is what we express when we pray, "Thy kingdom come.")
For another, we are called to be Christ's disciples ("to lead a life worthy of the calling to which you have been called").
Neither Christian hope nor discipleship is by itself a specific vocation, but both things are foundations from which specific vocational callings -- which might or might not be time-limited -- can emerge. The calls to trust God and to be Christ's disciple, however, have no expiration date.
Questions: What is entailed in Christian hope? What qualities ought to characterize "a life worthy of the calling to which you have been called"? How are each of those qualities a component of discipleship?
For Further Discussion
1. Ask your class members to name the responsibilities they carry in your congregation. To what degree do they see those tasks as open-ended callings? What would happen if they felt God was calling them to take on a different responsibility? Is there a difference between feeling that God was calling one to a different responsibility, and believing or thinking that God was making such a call?
2. Some denominations have programs with names such as "Short-Term Mission Opportunities." What does "short-term" imply about the callings of God?
3. In many denominations, some ministers continue to pastor churches after they have retired. Why do you suppose that is the case?
4. How might the Roman Catholic Church benefit from Pope Benedict's willingness to admit his incapacity and step down?
5. Have you ever felt a faith-related calling from God that you ignored? Is it too late to do something about it now? Why or why not?
6. Relate occasions when you were part of, or observed, a successful transition in sharing offices in the church? Are there times when some may be doing a fine job, but new leadership brings new ideas? Do you know of times when this backfired and a person was called back into service?
7. Does your denomination assign pastors to a church and replace them on a regular basis, providing fresh leadership, sometimes before a person may have had time to accomplish something? Does your denomination practice a "call process" where there is no time limit or governing authority to make decisions about pastoral tenure? What are the advantages, in your opinion, to each system? The disadvantages?
Responding to the News
This is a good time to think about your responsibilities in the church and consider in what ways you think of them as divine callings.

Closing Prayer
O Lord, thank you because you work on earth through us, despite all our frailties, shortcomings and failures of energy and zeal. Help us to find the pace that enables us to serve in the ways best for where we are in the journey of life. In Jesus' name. Amen.

Pastor Leaves No Tip, Creates Controversy

Alois Bell, a pastor in the St. Louis area, went to Applebee's for a meal with a group. Since the group was larger than eight, an automatic gratuity of 18 percent was added to the bill. Bell objected to this tip, so she scratched out the tip on her credit card receipt and put a zero in its place. In addition, she wrote the message, "I give God 10 percent … Why do you get 18?" and added the word "Pastor" above her signature.
Chelsea Welch, the waitress, took a photo of the bill and uploaded it to the website Reddit. "I thought the note was insulting, but also comical," she told Consumerist.com. "And I thought other users would find it entertaining."
Apparently, Alois Bell did not find it entertaining. The pastor complained to Welch's manager and the waitress was fired. According to Welch, Bell told the manager that the controversy had "ruined" her reputation.
Yahoo! News reports that Bell, a pastor at Truth in the World Deliverance Ministries Church, admitted that her handling of the tip was "a lapse in my character and judgment." She did not expect that her signature would be, as a friend reported to her, "all over Yahoo. You went viral!" Bell claimed to be heartbroken and admitted that she had "brought embarrassment to my church and ministry."
An Applebee's spokesman said that the company had apologized to Pastor Bell for violating her "right to privacy." Surprised that Applebee's fired her, the waitress said, "I had no intention of starting a witch hunt or hurting anyone. I just wanted to share a picture I found interesting .... I've been stiffed on tips before, but this is the first time I've seen the Big Man used as reasoning."
Author Justin Lee commented on this story on Huffington Post, saying, "I'm a Christian. I'm proud of my faith, and I love the church. But sometimes my fellow Christians make me want to scream." He argues that we Christians have often become our own worst enemies by shouting about social issues or political candidates while being slow to show grace and mercy in our everyday lives. His concern is that "these acts of ungrace by Christians have far more power to damage Christianity's reputation and influence than any attack launched at the church from the outside."
But is it fair to judge the whole church by the acts of one ungracious person? Lee reports that this pastor's bad behavior is not, unfortunately, an isolated incident. He tells the story of his first job waiting tables, and how "the church crowd" got a reputation for being "the most demanding" and "the worst tippers." In conversations with server friends across the country, Lee has heard the same sentiment echoed repeatedly.
In many countries, servers are paid a fair wage and tips are an added incentive. But in the United States, servers are usually paid a low hourly wage (often just a little over $2) and are expected to make their living from tips. Like it or not, this is our American system, so a low tip is not sending a message to the cook or the restaurant manager. Instead, it is simply hurting the server who depends on tips to pay his or her bills.
TWW Editorial Team Member Frank Ramirez writes, "Waiters are taxed based on the receipts whether or not they get a tip. Having had two children spend time as waiters and bartenders (one is now an Olive Garden manager), I always overtip. Since waiters are underpaid, this is a social justice issue." He acknowledges that waiters are going to have bad days, but no server should have to "earn justice" or jump through hoops to please customers.
"We Christians are supposed to be the generous ones, not the stingy and selfish ones," concludes Justin Lee. "And I can tell you from experience, when servers see a pattern of Christians who tip poorly, it gives them one more reason to distrust anything and everything connected with Christianity."
More on this story can be found at these links:
Applebee’s Fires Waitress Who Posted Receipt From Pastor Complaining About Auto-Tip. Yahoo! News
When Christians Are Christianity's Worst Enemy. Huffington Post

The Big Questions
1. What message was the pastor trying to send by withholding the tip? Can a 10 percent tithe be compared to an 18 percent tip? Why or why not? How was the message received by the waitress? How would you receive the message, if you were wait staff or the parent or spouse of wait staff?
2. For Christians, is tithing mandatory or optional? Is tipping mandatory or optional? What messages are sent by a failure to do either? What do you tip? Do you put conditions on your tipping?
3. What was the effect of the restaurant patron making a point of writing "Pastor" on the receipt, below the zero tip? Would you have felt differently about the person if she had quietly left no tip or a smaller tip, without identifying herself?
4. How is ensuring a fair wage for low-income servers a way of giving to God? Should people be concerned about what others make? Should society at large have economic winners and losers?
5. With the tremendous growth of non-profits, how do we decide where our money goes? What priority does the church have? Are there times when giving to a non-church-based organization is more of an offering than giving to the church?
6. How does how we act in public match (or not) with our claim to be Christian? And if it doesn't match, what impression does that leave of Christianity?
7. A letter was sent to a newspaper advice columnist from a man who identified himself as a Christian. He described how he handled the matter of tipping when he ate out. Instead of leaving any money for the server, he left a gospel tract, figuring that the best "tip" he could give was to tell the server about Christ. What message was sent by this type of tip? What would happen if the individual who left the tract attempted to pay the restaurant bill or any other bill with a tract?

Confronting the News with Scripture and Hope
Here are some Bible verses to guide your discussion:
Proverbs 11:24
Some give freely, yet grow all the richer; others withhold what is due, and only suffer want. (For context, read 11:23-31a.)
This collection of the wise sayings of King Solomon contains a number of insights into how righteous and generous people behave, predicting that "the desire of the righteous ends only in good" (v. 23), "a generous person will be enriched" (v. 25) and "the righteous are repaid on earth" (v. 31a).
Questions: Where have you seen evidence that people who give freely "grow all the richer"? How are generous people enriched? What kinds of compensation do the righteous receive in life? Have you been treated with generosity in circumstances where you may not have deserved it? When have you been treated with less than generosity?
Isaiah 58:6
Is not this the fast that I choose: to loose the bonds of injustice, to undo the thongs of the yoke, to let the oppressed go free, and to break every yoke? (For context, read 58:1-14.)
The prophet Isaiah speaks of false worship, which includes the maintenance of self-serving fast days while you (the people of Israel) "oppress all your workers" (v. 3). In place of such fast days, God calls for his people "to loose the bonds of injustice" and "let the oppressed go free" (the latter, a line which Jesus quotes at the beginning of his ministry in Luke 4:18). Isaiah challenges the people to "share your bread with the hungry, and bring the homeless poor into your house" (v. 7).
Questions: In what ways are we guilty of oppressing our workers? How can we work for justice through the tips we give service workers? How do our tithes and offerings in church help to free the oppressed?
Malachi 3:10
Bring the full tithe into the storehouse, so that there may be food in my house, and thus put me to the test, says the LORD of hosts; see if I will not open the windows of heaven for you and pour down for you an overflowing blessing. (For context, read 3:8-15.)
The prophet Malachi warns the people of Israel not to rob God by skimping on their tithe, a gift of 10 percent. God promises that overflowing blessings will be given to those who offer the full tithe, including protection from locusts and the gift of fertile vines. Malachi admonishes the people for questioning whether there is profit in keeping the commands of God (v. 14).
Questions: Where do you see value in offering a full tithe to God today? What benefits come to those who give this percentage? Are there charities besides the church that do God's work and deserve a portion of the tithe, or should such giving be above and beyond the 10 percent?
Luke 6:43-45
No good tree bears bad fruit, nor again does a bad tree bear good fruit; for each tree is known by its own fruit. Figs are not gathered from thorns, nor are grapes picked from a bramble bush. The good person out of the good treasure of the heart produces good, and the evil person out of evil treasure produces evil; for it is out of the abundance of the heart that the mouth speaks. (For context, read 6:37-49.)
Jesus warns his followers about judging others, warning them about seeing the speck in a neighbor's eye while failing to notice the log in their own eye (v. 41). He also observes that we will be known by our fruits, and that good people produce good while evil people produce evil. He concludes by encouraging us to build our lives on the firm foundation of hearing his words and acting on them (vv. 46-49).
Questions: Why should we not rush to judgment about the pastor who failed to tip her waitress? What is the good that we should do in our relationships with those who serve us? If we hear the words of Jesus and act on them, how will we compensate those who serve us? How will we serve those who monetarily compensate us? And how will we support the ministry and mission of the church?
1 Corinthians 13:1-5
If I speak in the tongues of mortals and of angels, but do not have love, I am a noisy gong or a clanging cymbal. And if I have prophetic powers, and understand all mysteries and all knowledge, and if I have all faith, so as to remove mountains, but do not have love, I am nothing. If I give away all my possessions, and if I hand over my body so that I may boast, but do not have love, I gain nothing. Love is patient; love is kind; love is not envious or boastful or arrogant or rude. (For context, read 12:29--13:13.)
After writing to the Corinthians about spiritual gifts, the apostle Paul promises to show them "a still more excellent way" (12:29). His chapter on the gift of love reminds us that if we do not have love, we are nothing. Among the many qualities of love are patience and kindness, with no place in love for envy, boasting, arrogance or rudeness.
Questions: Where could you be more patient and loving in your contact with service workers? What conclusions do our neighbors make when they see Christians showing arrogance or rudeness? How can this be addressed in the church? Did the pastor show love by leaving a note instead of a tip? Did the waitress show love by posting the receipt online? Did the restaurant show love by firing her? How might the "better way" Paul proposes have produced a better result?
2 Corinthians 9:6-7
The point is this: the one who sows sparingly will also reap sparingly, and the one who sows bountifully will also reap bountifully. Each of you must give as you have made up your mind, not reluctantly or under compulsion, for God loves a cheerful giver. (For context, read 9:1-15).
Paul is embarking on a collection for the poor Christians in Jerusalem, and is asking the Corinthians to provide a "bountiful gift" (v. 5). He wants them to consider this a voluntary gift, not an extortion, so he reminds them that "God loves a cheerful giver," and promises them that "God is able to provide you with every blessing in abundance" (v. 8). Paul predicts that they "will be enriched in every way" for their great generosity (v. 11).
Questions: What are the factors that prevent us from being cheerful givers in church and society? When do you feel you are being asked to give reluctantly or under compulsion? What could be done to improve your attitude toward giving?
James 2:14-17
What good is it, my brothers and sisters, if you say you have faith but do not have works? Can faith save you? If a brother or sister is naked and lacks daily food, and one of you says to them, “Go in peace; keep warm and eat your fill,” and yet you do not supply their bodily needs, what is the good of that? So faith by itself, if it has no works, is dead. (For context, read 2:14-26.)
James asserts that Christian faith without works is dead, and makes the case that faith is "brought to completion" by works (v. 22). Using a physical analogy, he points out that "just as the body without the spirit is dead, so faith without works is also dead" (v. 26). Later in his letter, he issues a warning to rich oppressors, saying, "Listen! The wages of the laborers who mowed your fields, which you kept back by fraud, cry out, and the cries of the harvesters have reached the ears of the Lord of hosts" (5:4).
Questions: How is our Christian faith brought to completion by our use of money? If the people who serve us in restaurants, hotels, hair salons and cabs are among the lowest wage-earners in our society, what should we do to "supply their bodily needs"? Where do you see evidence that some laborers are cheated out of wages today? What evidence do you see that some laborers are cheating their employers today?

For Further Discussion
1. What are the forces that work against tithing in church today? What can be done to increase the size of gifts in support of God's work?
2. When do you give the biggest tips to restaurant servers? When do you give smaller tips? Should tips always be the same percentage? Why or why not?
3. In some parts of Europe, restaurant servers are paid their full wages directly, and tips are usually just a coin or two to show appreciation. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the European system? Should it be adopted here?
4. The pastor in the Applebee's story said that her handling of the tip was "a lapse in my character and judgment." The waitress showed no similar remorse about her decision to post a picture of the receipt online. How could she have handled the situation differently?
5. Dr. Harry Wendt, Bible scholar and President of Crossways International, teaches that we should consider everything we have to be God's, on loan to us. If we "give back" 10 percent and think the rest is ours to do with as we choose, are we, in effect, robbing God of the 90 percent? What is the significance of giving more than 10 percent to God?
6. Where do you see opportunities for Christians to use their money in ways that have a positive impact on society, and to spread a message of grace, generosity and love?
7. TWW editorial team Member Frank Ramirez recommends that when you leave a tip, "round up." Ask yourself: What exactly could you do with the change you'd save by figuring out fifteen percent exactly? Not much. But more important, ask yourself: What does it say about you? When you give people more than they deserve, you are showing grace. Discuss what tipping tells the world about the quality of Christian life.
Responding to the News
When you go out to a restaurant this week, leave a slightly larger tip than you normally would. Think about how it makes the server feel, and how it makes you feel. Consider it an act of grace in a world so in need of the love of Jesus Christ.

Ban Lifted on Women in Combat

The U.S. military will lift its ban on women serving in combat roles, opening to them about 230,000 posts that have
previously been reserved for men. Defense Secretary Leon Panetta made this announcement on January 24, praising women for
their courage and sacrifice on and off the battlefield. He stated that the "goal in rescinding the rule is to ensure that
the mission is met with the best-qualified and most capable people, regardless of gender."
Currently, women cannot be assigned below the brigade level to fight on the ground. This has effectively barred women from
infantry, artillery, armor, combat engineer and special operations units of battalion size (about 700 troops or fewer). The
armed services will have until January 2016 to open these positions to women.
General Martin Dempsey, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, reported that military service chiefs support the change
unanimously, saying that "the Joint Chiefs share a common cause on the need to start doing this now and to doing this
right."
President Obama announced that he also strongly endorses Panetta's decision, which he believes will "strengthen our
military, enhance our readiness and be another step toward fulfilling our nation's founding ideals of fairness and
equality." He is confident that the "armed forces will ensure a smooth transition and keep our military the very best in
the world."
Lynsey Addario is a photographer for The New York Times who has covered the war in Afghanistan and has often focused on
female soldiers. She acknowledges that the lifting of the ban is a huge step historically, but notes that women have
actually been doing more and more fighting over the past decade. Although Americans can disagree about whether women should
be on the front lines, the reality is that they are already there.
"They're at bases all across Afghanistan, and they're playing different roles," said Addario to The New York Times, "from
black ops pilots to doing triage in forward-operating medical centers. They're engaging women in villages of Helmand that
are covered with landmines. They are getting shot at. They are dying, and they are getting injured."
In Addario's experience, the women who join the military and want to be in combat "believe in fighting for their country.
They want to be doing something to help fight the wars that we've been fighting for over a decade. … They have a goal, and
they want to accomplish it. And they don't want to be told they can't do it because they're women. A lot of them are
extremely ambitious, very dedicated. They work out all the time [and are] very intelligent."
The military will not need to lower its physical standards as it opens combat roles to women. However, an Army general said
on January 24 that it may need to review the standards for some positions. The military already has different physical
standards based on age and sex for the Army and the Marines. While standards may change, they will be set at the same
demanding level for men and women who want to serve in the infantry and other combat arms specialties. Both men and women
will need to have the strength to carry a comrade who has been shot or lift heavy rounds of ammunition.
Opening combat roles to women reminds The Wired Word editorial team member Frank Ramirez of "the need for African Americans
to be more actively involved in the Civil War, in actual combat and not just grunt work, and the same with the Japanese-
Americans during World War II who fought in the European theater." He recalls that Hispanic and Anglo soldiers had to deal
with each other and help each other in Japanese prison camps, an experience that changed their views of each other. Ramirez
predicts that women in combat will have the positive effect of "opening doors to further acceptance and advancement."
More on this story can be found at these links:
Pentagon makes women in combat rule change official, USA TODAY
Women shooting on the front lines, The New York Times
Women, men must meet same combat standards in military, USA TODAY

The Big Questions
1. Why has there been a ban on women in combat? What purposes did it serve?
2. Where do you see physical challenges for women on the front lines? How about emotional challenges for both women and
men?
3. What spiritual challenges are raised by the lifting of this ban?
4. Do you see roles in the military that would be best performed by women? By men? Why? Be specific. Outside the military,
are there tasks that you believe are best performed by either men or women?
5. The integration of the United States military helped the advancement of race relations in this country. Do you predict
that this new change will have a similar effect on gender relations, and if so, how?
6. What are the implications of this decision, if any, on churches that reserve certain roles for men?
7. Which of your cultural attitudes about men or women have changed over the years? Which have been reinforced by your own
experience?

Confronting the News with Scripture and Hope
Here are some Bible verses to guide your discussion:
Judges 4:21
But Jael wife of Heber took a tent peg, and took a hammer in her hand, and went softly to [Sisera] and drove the peg into
his temple, until it went down into the ground -- he was lying fast asleep from weariness -- and he died. (For context,
read 4:1-22.)
Deborah is a prophetess and judge of Israel who summons Barak to wage war against Sisera and his army. Barak says that he
will not go into battle without her, and she agrees to go. She predicts that "the LORD will sell Sisera into the hand of a
woman" (v. 9). Barak and 10,000 warriors engage Sisera and his army, and the army of Sisera is defeated. Sisera flees to
the tent of Jael, a woman who welcomes him, gives him drink and shelter, and then kills him.
Questions: What role does Deborah play in the defeat of the army of Sisera? Why is Barak reluctant to go to war without
her? What does the action of Jael tell you about the abilities of women in combat?
Psalm 23:4
Even though I walk through the darkest valley, I fear no evil; for you are with me; your rod and your staff -- they comfort
me. (For context, read 23:1-4.)
Psalm 23 has comforted generations with its promise that the Lord watches over his people in the most extreme
circumstances, even through "the darkest valley," or what the King James Version calls "the valley of the shadow of death."
In the 2002 film We Were Soldiers, "the valley of the shadow of death" is referenced multiple times. In the 2011 film War
Horse, a British soldier recites the beginning of the psalm while crossing no-man's land.
Questions: How is faith in God a resource on the front lines? In your experience, are women more likely than men to talk
about their faith? Where might there be opportunities for women in combat to share their faith with the men around them?
John 20:18
Mary Magdalene went and announced to the disciples, "I have seen the Lord"; and she told them that he had said these things
to her. (For context, read 20:1-18.)
Mary Magdalene is on the "front lines" on Easter morning, arriving at the tomb of Jesus while it is still dark. She sees
that the stone has been removed, so she runs and makes a report to Simon Peter and the beloved disciple. Peter and the
beloved disciple investigate the empty tomb and then return to their homes. Mary keeps vigil at the tomb, weeping, until
two angels speak to her. Then the resurrected Jesus speaks to her and tells her to take a message to the disciples.
Questions: What qualities does Mary Magdalene have that would serve a military woman well on the front lines? Why does
Jesus reveal himself first to Mary, and ask her to deliver a message to the male disciples? What does this tell you about
the distinctive roles of men and women?
Galatians 3:27-28
As many of you as were baptized into Christ have clothed yourselves with Christ. There is no longer Jew or Greek, there is
no longer slave or free, there is no longer male and female; for all of you are one in Christ Jesus. (For context, read
3:23-29.)
The apostle Paul explains that people were "under the law" until Christ came (vv. 23-24). But now, we are all children of
God through faith in Christ, with no distinctions between us based on culture, economic status or gender. Christ has
created a new freedom and equality among his followers.
Questions: What are the implications of Christian equality for military service? For life in the church? For society at
large? For relationships between men and women?
Ephesians 6:13
Therefore take up the whole armor of God, so that you may be able to withstand on that evil day, and having done
everything, to stand firm. (For context, read 6:10-17.)
In the face of personal challenges, Paul urges us to "be strong in the Lord and in the strength of his power" (v. 10). He
urges us to put on the whole armor of God, including the belt of truth, the breastplate of righteousness, the shield of
faith, the helmet of salvation and the sword of the Spirit (vv. 14-17). This equipment is needed to fight battles against
"the spiritual forces of evil" (v. 12).
Questions: In addition to the equipment issued by the United States military, what weapons and protective items do both
women and men on the front lines need? Are there particular dangers that women face in combat that men do not? What will
enable them to serve well and remain faithful?
Philippians 4:13
I can do all things through him who strengthens me. (For context, read 4:10-14.)
Paul has learned to be content with whatever he has -- whether little or plenty, being well-fed or going hungry. He has
endured the kind of hardships that we often associate with life on the front lines. Through it all, he discovers that
Christ has strengthened him to "do all things."
Questions: What particular hardships do women face in military service? How is Christ involved in strengthening soldiers
for service to country? What differences, if any, would be experienced by women and men?
For Further Discussion
1. Would you want your daughter, sister or wife to serve in a combat role? Why or why not?
2. The United States military is often described as a meritocracy, where good performance is the basis of advancement. How
does this serve women well today?
3. Does your church allow women to serve on the "front lines"? When, where, and how?
4. Allowing women to serve in combat roles will increase their chances for advancement up the military chain of command.
What kind of advancement is permitted for women in your church community? If there are bans that you think should be
lifted, explain why.
5. Paul says that "there is no longer male and female" in Christ (Galatians 3:28), but clearly there are differences
between men and women. Which differences should be affirmed and celebrated?
6. What are the dangers involved in opening combat roles to women, besides the obvious risk of injury and death? Where do
you see risks to men, women and overall military readiness?
7. Women are central to the health and vitality of most Christian congregations. What distinctive qualities do they bring
to their work in the community of faith? Are some of these qualities also important to military service? Which ones?

Responding to the News
Look for ways to celebrate the gifts of women in your community of faith, through worship and special recognition
ceremonies. Consider whether there are "bans" that prevent women from playing certain roles in the church, and whether they
should be lifted.

Original "Dear Abby" Advice Columnist Dies

Dear Abby: My wife sleeps in the raw. Then she showers, brushes her teeth and fixes our breakfast -- still in the buff. We're newlyweds and there are just the two of us, so I suppose there's really nothing wrong with it. What do you think? -- Ed
Dear Ed: It's O.K. with me. But tell her to put on an apron when she's frying bacon.
Letters to the "Dear Abby" advice column were written to Abigail Van Buren, the pen name for Pauline Phillips, who started answering personal questions in 1956 and died this month at age 94 (it is unknown whether her advice on frying bacon stemmed from personal experience). She had been ill with Alzheimer's disease for more than 10 years. The New York Times described her as "a trusted, tart-tongued adviser to tens of millions."
Daughter Jeanne Phillips, who took over her mother's column in 2000, told USA TODAY that her mother "was wonderful -- an amazing, charismatic, caring, caring woman. She loved and had a deep concern for other people." But at the same time, her mother did not hesitate to offer saucy words of wisdom.
When a young woman wondered whether she had gone too far in a 21st birthday celebration with her boyfriend, Abby was a truth-teller:
Dear Abby: I usually don’t go in much for drinking, but I had three martinis. During dinner we split a bottle of wine. After dinner we had two brandies. Did I do wrong?
Abby's response: Probably.
Abby could be down-to-earth, honest, funny and wise. People appreciated her guidance and wrote letters to her saying, "You changed my life," which reminded her of the importance of her work. But she always maintained a sense of humor, which came through in creative solutions to problems:
Dear Abby: I have always wanted to have my family history traced, but I can't afford to spend a lot of money to do it. Have you any suggestions? -- M. J. B. in Oakland, Calif.
Dear M. J. B.: Yes. Run for a public office.
At her best, Abby offered responses that showed wisdom about a range of issues, from human sexuality to the tax code:
Dear Abby: Are birth control pills deductible? -- Bertie
Dear Bertie: Only if they don't work.
Pauline (Abby) had a long professional rivalry with her identical twin sister, Esther, the advice columnist known as "Ann Landers," who died in 2002. They were born on July 4, 1918, in Sioux City, Iowa, to Russian Jewish immigrants. Her father started out as a traveling salesman and later became the owner of a movie theater chain. Pauline and Esther were inseparable as children, dressing alike, sharing purses and even sleeping in the same bed at times.
The sisters went to Morningside College together, where they co-wrote a gossip column in the student newspaper. Just before turning 21, they were married in a double ceremony, followed by a double honeymoon. But the wedding was preceded by a dramatic incident worthy of a "Dear Abby" column. At the last minute, Esther ditched her fiance and brought in a substitute groom, marrying Jules Lederer, a salesman who went on to form Budget Rent-a-Car.
In 1955, Esther took over the "Ann Landers" column for The Chicago Sun-Times, and asked her sister Pauline for help. "By responding to the overflow from the wildly popular Ann Landers column, she discovered that she wouldn’t make a bad advice-giver herself," reports The Washington Post.
Pauline called The San Francisco Chronicle, identified herself as a local housewife and stated that she could do a better job than the newspaper's current advice columnist. The editor decided to give her a chance, and after Pauline submitted some writing samples, she was given the job at a salary of $20 per week.
According to The New York Times, Pauline "chose her pen name herself, taking Abigail after the prophetess in the Book of Samuel ('Then David said to Abigail, "Blessed is your advice and blessed are you"') and Van Buren for its old-family, presidential ring."
"Dear Abby" was an immediate success, and the column was quickly syndicated. But Pauline's success led to an estrangement from Esther. The twins did not speak for five years, reconciling only in the mid-1960s. Their professional and private lives became permanently intertwined.
"A life of advice is to walk the finest of lines," writes advice columnist Carolyn Hax, "of between knowing and guessing; entertainment and empathy; compassion and criticism; between trying to help and presuming to; between being a public resource and a punch line."
Until she retired in 2000 and turned her column over to her daughter, Pauline continued to give pithy advice to her readers. When one writer asked how to cure the wandering eye of a married man, "Dear Abby" had a simple and straightforward answer: "Rigor mortis."
More on this story can be found at these links:
Pauline Phillips, flinty advisor to millions as Dear Abby dies at 94, The New York Times
Original 'Dear Abby' advice columnist dies at 94. USA TODAY
Pauline Phillips, better known as 'Dear Abby,' dies at 94, The Washington Post
A life of giving advice is to walk the finest of lines, The Washington Post

The Big Questions
1. Where can Christians obtain wise counsel that is in line with God's will?
2. What is the criteria we should use to separate bad advice from good? How do we do that?
3. Advice columnists often use humor in their responses to serious questions. When is humor helpful, and when it is hurtful?
4. "Dear Abby" once said that her views and advice on a number of topics, including premarital sex, had changed over the years. When should we change our views, and when should we not? How do we remain faithful to a constant God in an ever-changing culture? When does the distinction C.S. Lewis makes between "morality" and "propriety" come into play (His classic example was of a young woman in a South Seas culture for whom going  what we call "topless" was a non-issue)?
5. "Dear Abby" and "Ann Landers" had a lifelong rivalry. How do you think their competition hurt their relationship, and how did it motivate them to achieve success?
6. Advice-givers such as "Dear Abby" cannot continue their columns forever, but must pass their work to the next generation. What is involved in a healthy transition?

Confronting the News with Scripture and Hope
Here are some Bible verses to guide your discussion:
Genesis 3:12
The man said [to God], "The woman whom you gave to be with me, she gave me fruit from the tree, and I ate." (For context, read 3:1-21.)
Adam and Eve are placed in the Garden of Eden and told by God to eat of every tree in the garden except "the tree of the knowledge of good and evil" (2:16-17). The serpent quizzes Eve on the instructions of God, and questions whether they will really die if they eat the fruit of that tree. Eve eats some of the fruit of the tree and gives some to Adam, and he eats it. Then they realize that they are naked, and they hide themselves from God.
Questions: What does the serpent do to undermine the instructions of God? Why does Eve follow the advice of the serpent, and why does Adam follow in the footsteps of Eve? Where do you see this same tendency in the world today? Eve made a decision without consulting another; whom do you call on or consult when you have an important decision to make? What part does your faith community play in helping you make important decisions?
Genesis 30:1
When Rachel saw that she bore Jacob no children, she envied her sister; and she said to Jacob, "Give me children, or I shall die!" (For context, read 30:1-24)
Rachel and Leah are sisters who are both married to Jacob. Rachel is Jacob's favorite, but Leah is the first to bear children and gives him four sons. Rachel envies her sister, and offers her maid Bilhah as a wife so that Bilhah will have children with Jacob. Leah responds by offering her maid Zilpah as a wife, and Zilpah has children with Jacob. After Leah has two more sons and a daughter with Jacob, Rachel is finally able to conceive, and she gives birth to Joseph.
Questions: Why are siblings so competitive, whether they are Rachel and Leah or "Dear Abby" and "Ann Landers"? How is such envy destructive? What good came out of Rachel and Leah's rivalry?
Genesis 41:15-16
And Pharaoh said to Joseph, "I have had a dream, and there is no one who can interpret it. I have heard it said of you that when you hear a dream you can interpret it." Joseph answered Pharaoh, "It is not I; God will give Pharaoh a favorable answer." (For context, read 41:1-45.)
Joseph is in the dungeon in Egypt, but he has developed a reputation as an accurate interpreter of dreams. In particular, he interprets the dreams of a chief baker and a chief cupbearer, and his predictions turn out to be exactly right. When Pharaoh has a dream about sleek cows and fat cows, he calls on Joseph to offer an interpretation, and Joseph states that God will offer the answer he needs. Joseph listens to Pharaoh's dream, explains it and offers a proposal for dealing with the famine that is to come. Pharaoh is so pleased with his proposal that he gives Joseph authority over all of Egypt.
Questions: Joseph is held in high esteem by Pharaoh, but he quickly gives the credit to God. How is such an action linked to the ability to give good advice? Where are faithful advisers to be found today? Joseph shares this God-given wisdom with a foreign king to preserve life. Are we tempted to keep wisdom -- economic, religious, political -- within our family, region or nation?
Proverbs 1:32-33
For waywardness kills the simple, and the complacency of fools destroys them; but those who listen to [Wisdom] will be secure and will live at ease, without dread of disaster. (For context, read 1:20-33.)
Wisdom is personified as a woman who "cries out in the street" in Proverbs (1:20), calling people to love knowledge, fear God and accept her reproof. She criticizes those who ignore her counsel, and predicts that they will experience panic, calamity, distress and anguish.
Questions: Where do you hear the Wisdom of God calling out today? What are the consequences of ignoring God's counsel? Wisdom is portrayed as shouting so loud it is almost embarrassing. Is this the way that conscience works, in your experience? How easy is it to tune it out and ignore it?
Matthew 13:54
[Jesus] came to his hometown and began to teach the people in their synagogue, so that they were astounded and said, "Where did this man get this wisdom and these deeds of power?" (For context, read 13:54-58.)
When Jesus comes to Nazareth, the people are astounded by his wisdom and deeds of power because they know that he is the son of a simple carpenter. They are offended by him and do not believe in him. Jesus does not do many deeds of power there, because of their unbelief (v. 58).
Questions: What is the source of the wisdom of Jesus? Throughout his ministry, how does he express it? Where do you find godly wisdom in people without extensive formal education? How is this kind of wisdom linked to deeds of power?
1 Corinthians 1:22-24
For Jews demand signs and Greeks desire wisdom, but we proclaim Christ crucified, a stumbling block to Jews and foolishness to Gentiles, but to those who are the called, both Jews and Greeks, Christ the power of God and the wisdom of God. (For context, read 1:18-31.)
Paul is trying to teach and inspire the Christians in Corinth to carry on the work that he has started. He wants to transition the leadership of the church from its founders (Paul and Apollos) to the Corinthians themselves. Paul reminds the Corinthians that they were not necessarily wise by human standards, but that they now have "life in Christ Jesus, who became for us wisdom from God" (1:30).
Questions: Where is the wisdom of God found in Jesus? How is it different from the wisdom of the world? How can we share this with others, in particular the next generation of church members and leaders?

For Further Discussion
1. Where do you go for advice about personal problems? What are the characteristics of a good adviser?
2. Advice columnists offer guidance to people they have never met face-to-face. List the pros and cons of this type of assistance.
3. "Dear Abby" and "Ann Landers" have reached millions of people through newspaper columns, but print media is declining as online media continues to rise. How will the next generation of columnists dispense their advice?
4. What is the role of the church in offering counsel to people? How can it do a better job of offering good advice?
5. Where do you see a need for Christ-centered wisdom in the world today? How can "Christ crucified" be shared with people around us?
6. What wisdom have you gained through your study of the Bible? Give a specific example of a scriptural truth that has improved your life.
7. Advice columnist Carolyn Hax says, "A life of advice is to walk the finest of lines, of  between knowing and guessing; entertainment and empathy; compassion and criticism." We walk this line as Christians when we try to help others. How do you keep from falling to one side or the other?
8. In the Gospel of John, Jesus speaks of the Holy Spirit when he says, "And I will ask the Father, and He will give you another Counselor to be with you forever" (14:16, Holman Christian Standard Bible). How does the Holy Spirit act as a counselor to you individually, and to the church?

Responding to the News
Like "Dear Abby," Christians should love and have "a deep concern for other people." In the week to come, listen carefully to a friend or a neighbor who is struggling, and offer your most caring and constructive advice. Remember that the wisdom of God is found in Jesus Christ, the one who died to bring us forgiveness and new life.

Lance Armstrong Admits Using PEDs

In the News
On Monday, Lance Armstrong, the former U.S. cycling legend who was recently stripped of his seven Tour de France victories and banned for life from the sport, sat down with Oprah Winfrey and admitted that he'd used performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) and had pressured others racing on his teams to do so as well. This came after years of strong denials and attacks by Armstrong against those who insisted he had doped throughout his bicycle-racing career, during which he dominated the sport.
Editor's note: Because of our publishing deadline, we are writing based on news reports about the Armstrong interview as well as on comments from Oprah Winfrey on CBS This Morning the day following her meeting with Armstrong. The full interview will air in two parts on Thursday and Friday, January 17 and 18, on the OWN channel.
The cyclist's confession came just days after voters in the Baseball Hall of Fame induction process gave no ballplayer -- not Barry Bonds, not Roger Clemens, not Sammy Sosa and not any other -- sufficient votes to be inducted into the Cooperstown HOF, due to suspicions that those players had used PEDs.
Speaking Tuesday on CBS This Morning, about her two-and-a-half-hour interview with Armstrong, Winfrey said, "We were mesmerized and riveted by some of his answers. I feel that he answered the questions in a way that he was ready."
Armstrong's decision to admit to doping is a stunning reversal of his long practice not only of denying PED use, but also of ruthlessly intimidating doubters, blacklisting skeptical reporters, bullying critics and attacking the reputations of people in the professional cycling world who insisted he wasn't racing "clean."
While the doping charges swirled around Armstrong for years, and while several other riders had been found guilty of using PEDs and served suspensions as a result, Armstrong maintained that he never used them. He often defended himself against claims to the contrary by saying that he had not failed even one of some 500 drug tests administered throughout his career. (In reality, there were fewer than 300 administered.)
All of that, along with Armstrong's impressive cycling-race victories, came crashing down in late August when the United States Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) charged him with both doping and leading a doping conspiracy inside the sport. When Armstrong declined to meet with USADA to address the charges, that agency stripped him of his seven Tour wins and all other titles and awards from August 1998 forward, and it banned him for life from participating in any sport that follows the World Anti-Doping Code. The Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI), the world governing body for international competitive cycling events, subsequently supported the USADA ruling, making it final.
Initially, many who had not followed the case closely questioned on what basis USADA could "attack" an American "hero" and continued to believe Armstrong. But then in October, USADA released its "Reasoned Decision," a 202-page document that outlined its case against the cyclist, including never-before-published analyses of Armstrong's 2009 and 2010 blood profiles, as well as testimony from 26 witnesses. Along with supporting documents, the whole dossier came to more than 1,000 pages. It detailed, among other things, how Armstrong and those on his teams were able to beat the drug testing.
The report portrayed Armstrong as a ruthless competitor, willing to go to any lengths to win. USADA chief executive Travis Tygart labeled the doping regimen employed by the team Armstrong led as "the most sophisticated, professionalized and successful doping program that sport has ever seen."
Given the overwhelming weight of USADA's evidence, almost all support for Armstrong, including that of his commercial sponsors, evaporated after the report was made public. He also stepped down from his position with the Livestrong cancer charity he started to keep it from being affected by his fallen status.
While most welcome Armstrong's confession, many observers see the admission as coming too late to gain him any sympathy or warrant a reduction in the lifetime ban.
The admission of guilt may have legal consequences for Armstrong as well. For one thing, former teammate Floyd Landis has filed a whistleblower suit on the grounds that public money was used to buy doping products while Armstrong raced for a team sponsored by the U.S. Postal Service, and it’s possible the Department of Justice will join that suit. The penalty against Armstrong could be as much as $90 million, three times what the Postal Service paid the team.
For another, the Sunday Times of London is suing Armstrong for $1.6 million to recover an amount it paid him to settle a libel lawsuit over a 2004 article they ran that included allegations that he had used PEDs.
For still another, in 2005, SCA Promotions, based in Dallas, had tried to deny Armstrong a promised bonus for a Tour de France win because of doping allegations, but were forced to pay in an out-of-court settlement. After the USADA report was released, SCA threatened to bring suit to recover the more than $7.5 million from that settlement.
It's also conceivable that Livestrong donors may demand compensation after Armstrong's confession. The foundation has raised more than $500 million since he founded it in 1997.
Estimates are that Armstrong's net worth is about $100 million. It's possible that his lawyers secured an out-of-court agreement with the government before he talked with Oprah, but CBS News reported on Tuesday night that government officials rejected an Armstrong offer to repay $5 million in restitution and cooperate with investigators as a witness. In any case, the confession increases the likelihood that he will be in legal jeopardy on more than one front for some time.
So why has Armstrong decided to confess now?
One reason may be to help Livestrong. Even though the cyclist has severed his connection with the charity, it's still associated with him in the public mind. Shortly before his meeting with Oprah, Armstrong visited the Livestrong Foundation headquarters for a private meeting with the staff during which he apologized to them for the stress they'd endured because of him. According to a foundation spokesperson, Armstrong also urged them "to keep up their great work fighting for people affected by cancer."
He has expressed a desire to be allowed to compete in marathon and triathlon events, a pursuit he started after retiring from bicycle racing. Most of those events are under the World Anti-Doping Code and, thus, are now closed to him. Under the code, it's possible for the lifetime ban to be reduced to eight years, although, since Armstrong is already 41, even that term could effectively preclude his participation except in age-group events. However, if Armstrong is able to give USADA further information, possibly testifying against others who knew about or facilitated doping, a shorter negotiated term might be possible. People familiar with his plans say Armstrong will not testify against other riders.
David Howman, director general of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), which also has a voice in lifting any lifetime ban, said on Tuesday that Armstrong's confession on TV is not sufficient. He must confess to doping under oath and aid the fight against cheating in the sport if he hopes to mitigate the ban.
One of the most intriguing pieces of information Armstrong might be able to clarify is a charge that he actually did fail a doping test in 2001 but "bought" his way out of it by making a $100,000 donation to UCI. That organization's president, Pat McQuaid, acknowledged that Armstrong made the donation but says it was "to help develop the sport." McQuaid said further that Armstrong is the only rider ever to have made a donation to the governing body and that in hindsight, the decision to accept the money while the cyclist was still racing was regrettable.
There are also claims that UCI allowed other drug-cheating riders to go unpunished.
One other possible reason for Armstrong's confession is that since there are others in the doping conspiracy whose cases are yet to be heard by USADA -- most notably Johan Bruyneel, the director of the teams on which Armstrong won his Tour titles -- Armstrong could be subpoenaed in their cases, and the confession frees him to testify without lying under oath. Doing the latter, or even "taking the Fifth," could have unpleasant legal consequences for him.
Regardless of what may have prompted Armstrong to finally confess, Winfrey described him as "forthcoming" in the interview and said she was "satisfied by the answers." On CBS, she was asked if Armstrong was emotional. She said he was "a couple of times," and added, "But that doesn't describe the intensity at times. ... I would rather people make their own decisions about whether he was contrite or not."
More on this story can be found at these links:
Armstrong Tells Oprah He Doped to Win. CBS News
Armstrong Admits Doping, and Says He Will Testify. New York Times
Analysis: The Ever-Shifting Ground Beneath Lance. VeloNews
Armstrong Apologies to Livestrong Staff Before Oprah Interview. VeloNews
A Decade of Denials for Armstrong. VeloNews
USADA's Reasoned Decision (full text)
To Forgive? (Will Armstrong Be Forgiven?) Bicycling
The Big Questions
1. Does a person have to actually be contrite for an admission of guilt to "count" with God? Why or why not? (In your answer, explain what you mean by "contrite.") What is the relationship between confession and repentance? Was there ever an occasion when you apologized because you thought you had to, but did not feel sorry in your heart? When have you apologized and truly felt sorry for what you have done? Were there occasions when another apologized to you and you questioned that person's sincerity? How did that make you feel?
2. Define these four words: confession, forgiveness, restitution, redemption. How are they related?
3. Is there a difference between admitting a wrongdoing and confessing a wrongdoing? If so, what is it?
4. Does confession carry the same weight and significance when it results in some benefit or payback to the one who confesses, as opposed to when it doesn't? Does it have the same significance when the one confessing seems to have been backed into a corner by compelling evidence and has few other options but to confess? Explain your answer.
5. Some cancer survivors who have been helped by the Livestrong Foundation couldn’t care less about whether Armstrong doped. And the fact is, there would be no Livestrong without Armstrong's victories on the bike. So how are they helped, if at all, by a confession from Armstrong? Should Armstrong's character matter to those helped by the foundation he established? Why or why not? How might Romans 8:28 ("We know that all things work together for good for those who love God, who are called according to his purpose") fit into your answer?
Confronting the News With Scripture and Hope
Here are some Bible verses to guide your discussion:
Numbers 5:6-7
When a man or a woman wrongs another, breaking faith with the LORD, that person incurs guilt and shall confess the sin that has been committed. The person shall make full restitution for the wrong, adding one-fifth to it, and giving it to the one who was wronged. (For context, read 5:5-10.)
In the law God gave the Israelites at Mt. Sinai, he included provisions about confession and restitution. Note that this instruction says that when one person wrongs another person, he or she is thereby "breaking faith with the Lord." The implication is that all sins, even those committed against fellow humans, are ultimately against the law of God, who wills for us to love our neighbor as we love ourselves (as God said elsewhere in the law -- see Leviticus 19:18).
Under the law God gave Israel, there were arrangements to square such wrongdoing: The wrongdoer was to confess the sin to God (and presumably, to the one wronged) and make restitution.
The idea of restitution makes clear that while confession brings forgiveness, it is to be linked with whatever can be done by the wrongdoer to set things right.
Questions: In what ways is doing something wrong to one's neighbor a sin against God? What are we to do when making restitution is not possible?
Psalm 51:4
Against you, you alone, have I sinned, and done what is evil in your sight, so that you are justified in your sentence and blameless when you pass judgment. (For context, read 51:1-17.)
According to the superscription on this psalm, it was written by King David after being confronted about his adultery with Bathsheba. Since David sought her out and eventually had her husband killed, his sin was directly against both of them as well as his own wives. Yet in the verse above, David confesses that his sin was against God alone. Ultimately, all sin is against God, whose holiness and moral laws define good and evil.
Questions: What else besides praying this prayer do you think David needed to do to be restored in his faith? In what ways can Psalm 51 be a model prayer for confessing and repenting? How is forgiveness possible when certain consequences of an action, in this case the death of Uriah, cannot be undone? Are you amazed, intrigued or appalled by those who forgive the murderer of a loved one?
Proverbs 28:13
No one who conceals transgressions will prosper, but one who confesses and forsakes them will obtain mercy. (No context needed.)
We might want to argue with the first phrase of this proverb; it seems that many who conceal transgression do in fact prosper, at least in this life. But in the thinking of the wisdom teachers who wrote Proverbs, real prosperity was linked to righteousness before God, which is implied by the second phrase above. The "mercy" obtained by the one who "confesses and forsakes" transgressions is from God. Those who do not confess and forsake do not obtain it.
Questions: Besides not obtaining God's mercy, what are the dangers of concealing your transgressions? Are there any sins that should be confessed only to God but be concealed from others? Why? What are the results within us that others may not see when there is no attempt to confess transgressions to God?
Luke 18:13
But the tax collector, standing far off, would not even look up to heaven, but was beating his breast and saying, "God, be merciful to me, a sinner!" (For context, read 18:9-14.)
This is from Jesus' parable of the Pharisee and the tax collector, who both went to the temple to pray. The Pharisee's prayer was self-congratulatory while the tax collector's prayer was confessional. He didn't state specific wrong deeds, but admitted plainly that he was a sinner. And Jesus said that of the two, only the tax collector went home justified (made right with God).
Questions: This parable was originally addressed to "some who trusted in themselves that they were righteous and regarded others with contempt" (v. 9). Is that whom it is addressed to now, or is it addressed to others? In what ways do you hear it as addressed to you? In addition to responding as individuals to this parable, can you think of ways that we as a congregation, as the church at large or as a nation should receive and respond to this parable?
1 John 1:9
If we confess our sins, he who is faithful and just will forgive us our sins and cleanse us from all unrighteousness. (For context, read 1:5-9.)
The "he who is faithful" in this verse is God, whose very character is faithfulness and justice, as well as love. John is saying that our sins separate us from God, but that God wants no "pound of flesh" from us. He'd rather have our confession, which opens the channel for his mercy and forgiveness to flow to us.
After we confess our sin, God's forgiveness makes us spiritually clean again, but often there is a great deal of emotional, psychological and relational damage (and, in some cases, legal and financial consequences as well) to be dealt with. God's forgiveness, however, given up front when we confess our sins, is the first and most important factor in our restoration.
One Greek word sometimes translated "confess" is homologeo, which basically means "to say the same thing" and then "agree, admit, acknowledge." In that usage, we confess our sin when we "say the same thing" God says about it. As long as we try to justify our self or pussyfoot around it, we have not yet truly confessed. We say, "What I did wasn't so bad" or "It wasn't any worse than what others did" or "I didn't really hurt anyone," but what does God say about our sin? "The person who sins shall die" (Ezekiel 18:20). That sounds much more serious than when we speak about our sin.
On the human relations level, those we have sinned against don't experience our verbalization about our sin as confession unless we "say the same thing" about what we did that they would say about it. It takes empathy and a shift from self-focus to really see how our actions impacted others negatively. When that happens, our admission changes from begrudging confession of guilt because we got caught to grief over the hurt we caused God and others.
Questions: This verse could be described as "pure gospel." Why? There is an almost mathematical precision to it: If this takes place, then this other must happen. This may not be our actual experience, when apologies are not received or accepted, or when despite words of forgiveness, we do not feel that a relationship has been renewed and a clean slate adopted. Is this only possible with God? Can people operate in this way? Should it be this easy?
For Further Discussion
1. How do you think Armstrong's confession should be received by the general public? By those he raced against? By those whose reputations he impugned? By those whose careers he caused to stall or collapse? By donors to Livestrong?
2. In his book The Innovator, G. William Jones has a modern parable titled "Confession Is Good for the Cell." Read this summary of it to your class and then ask them to talk about what it might mean.
In the story a man, Hymie, is imprisoned despite his repeated protestations of his innocence. Hymie spends every day of the first year of his incarceration not only proclaiming his innocence to all around him, but also writing long letters to legislators about the injustice done to him and dreaming of how he was going to sue the state when the governor finally had his written apology and notice of release hand-delivered to Hymie's cell.
One day, however, Hymie looked out his cell window and noticed the greening grass, the buds opening and other signs of springtime. It was too much for him -- everything living, growing and changing but him. He felt like a bee trapped in amber, while the rest of the world went on around him. He collapsed onto his bunk, defeated. When his evening tray arrived, the turnkey joked, "Here you go, Mr. Innocent."
Here's the rest of the parable in Jones' own words:
"I'm not innocent," Hymie croaked, weary with it all. "I'm guilty. Guilty as hell."
"What did you say?" the turnkey asked, strangely excited, holding his breath to catch the soft answer.
"Guilty," sighed Hymie. "I'm guilty."
Immediately there was a rattling of the key in the lock, and when Hymie raised his head the door didn't look right. When he got up and gave the door a tentative push, it swung open broadly into the dusky, deserted corridor.
Peeping timidly down the corridor, Hymie saw that other gates were hanging open before him all the way to the front gate. There was still enough sunlight left to give him a glimpse of the greening grass and the bursting buds beyond.
3. Respond to this: Etymologically, the word "confess" differs little from the idea of "profess" -- to admit, acknowledge, own up to. It was long used in the sense of professing one's faith. Thus, summaries of key doctrines are sometimes termed "confessions of faith," as in the Westminster Confession, the Confession of Augsburg and others. When we recite the Apostles' Creed, we are confessing our faith.
In Roman Catholicism, the term "confessor" is used to describe a saint who did not die a martyr's death but whose life exemplified the Christian faith. Christian martyrs are those who confessed their faith even to the point of laying down their lives. Confession, as the word is more commonly used today, still means to profess, but in the sense of professing or owning up to one's wrong actions and guilt.
Responding to the News
This is a good time to remind ourselves, in the words of 1 John 1:9, "If we confess our sins, he who is faithful and just will forgive us our sins and cleanse us from all unrighteousness."
Closing Prayer
O Lord, while it's all too easy for us to see the sins and failures of others, help us to see ourselves as you do, admit to you our sins, and receive your mercy. In Jesus' name. Amen.