Thursday, May 28, 2015

Josh Duggar Admits to Molesting Girls While a Teenager

© 2015 The Wired Word
www.thewiredword.com
On May 19, the tabloid In Touch Weekly published an article stating that Josh Duggar, 27, the oldest child of the Duggar family, stars of TLC's popular reality TV show 19 Kids and Counting, was the subject of an investigation into allegations that he molested multiple girls as a teenager. Josh has since acknowledged his guilt.
"Twelve years ago, as a young teenager I acted inexcusably for which I am extremely sorry and deeply regret," Josh Duggar wrote in a statement on the Duggar Family website.
The initial report did not identify the victims, but subsequent news says that four of the girls were Josh's sisters. A fifth victim may have been a cousin.
This news seems especially at odds with the pure lifestyle the family touts on their show, a lifestyle based on their interpretation of the Christian faith.
Josh has since resigned his position as executive director of the Family Research Council's lobbying arm, and TLC has pulled reruns of the Duggars' show off the air. Although there have been calls to cancel the show altogether, TLC has not yet said whether a new season of 19 Kids and Counting will be broadcast.
Besides the news reports of this story, many bloggers and columnists have weighed in, along with friends and relatives of the Duggars, and even one politician, Mike Huckabee, who is also a Baptist minister.
"Josh's actions when he was an underage teen are, as he described them himself, 'inexcusable,' but that doesn't mean 'unforgivable,'" Huckabee said. "He and his family dealt with it and were honest and open about it with the victims and the authorities. No purpose whatsoever is served by those who are now trying to discredit Josh or his family by sensationalizing the story."
But it has been sensationalized, with some bloggers and others almost gleeful in pointing out the hypocrisy between the family's wait-until-marriage philosophy toward any kind of sexual behavior and the failing of the family's oldest offspring.
Other observers have criticized the family's decision to deal with the incidents without involving the police. Josh's parents, Jim Bob and Michelle Duggar, did share the information with church elders and sent Josh to what they described as a treatment program, though others have said it was little more than helping an acquaintance with a remodeling project. The parents also saw that the victims received counseling. But many observers argue that every incident of sexual abuse should be reported to the authorities immediately, even when the perpetrator is a minor. (See, for example, the Patheos article in the links below.)
Additionally, Jim Bob arranged to have a friend who was an Arkansas state trooper have a "stern" talk with Josh. That trooper did not report Josh's wrongdoings, and after three years, the statute of limitations passed for any charges to be filed. Ironically, that trooper is now serving a 56-year prison sentence in an Arkansas prison for child pornography offenses.
One blog we at The Wired Word noticed is written by Timothy Swanson, a lawyer in Bakersfield, California. Pertinent to the Duggar story, he says that he spent part of his youth in the religious group to which the Duggars belong and which they promote on their show, but he doesn't indicate any current religious affiliation. He also says, "As an attorney, I have handled several cases involving fundamentalist families with sexual issues, and the facts [of the Duggar case] seem very familiar." He goes on to argue that the kind of sexual suppression taught by this brand of Christianity makes young people ripe to violate sexual mores.
While we are not attacking fundamentalist Christianity, we do think there is useful material in Swanson's blog (see the "Autodidact" link in the list below), and we mention two of his points:
1) The teaching that there are no acceptable outlets for sexual feelings until marriage and the obsession with sexual purity before marriage can lead to sexual dysfunction. In some cases, "the lack of healthy sexual views leads to a really messed up response to puberty and acting out in harmful ways toward others," Swanson said.
2) A sexual act at age 14 against another underage person does not necessarily mean that the perpetrator is a predator. Swanson wrote, "A true pedophile is attracted to children because they are children. The very age is the source of the attraction." He added that pedophiles "are not really 'curable' in any true sense. They absolutely must be kept away from children, with no exceptions." He then said, "In comparison to true pedophiles, there are others who might very well be attracted to sexually mature persons, but who take what is available, so to speak. For example, two kids who 'play doctor' are unlikely to be pedophiles, even if they are experimenting with another young child. It is more likely than not that they will function sexually with adults when they grow up."
Josh Duggar is married and has three children, with a fourth on the way. His wife says that Josh told her two years before their marriage about his offenses as a teenager. As far as has been reported, Josh has committed no further acts of sexual molestation.
More on this story can be found at these links:
A Timeline of the Molestation Allegations Against Josh Duggar. Washington Post
Duggar Family Statements. The Duggar Family website 
The Duggars: How Fundamentalism's Teachings on Sexuality Create Predatory Behavior. Diary of an Autodidact 
What You Need to Know About the Josh Duggar Police Report. Patheos 
The Big Questions
1. When should serious sexual misbehavior by an underage family member be reported to the authorities as opposed to being handled "in house"? Would you have a different response if the perpetrator were your own child? if the victim were your own child? if, as seems to be the case in the Duggar family, both the perpetrator and the victims were your children?
2. Is every act of sexual misbehavior involving an underage victim a case of phedophilia? If the offender is also underage, is that offender necessarily a pedophile? If there is a difference, how can we tell?
3. What does your church teach its young people, if anything, to help them deal with their sex drive, which usually kicks into gear during puberty, years before they are ready for marriage? What potential problems might be triggered by teaching only "do nothing sexual" before marriage?
4. What should local church leaders do when they become aware of sexual misconduct by a member against an underage victim that has not otherwise been reported to the authorities? Should there be any difference in their action if the offender is also underage? Answer this question from both a legal standpoint and a moral one.
5. What does your church do to keep the children in its programs safe from abuse? Do you consider those measures sufficient? Why or why not?
Confronting the News With Scripture and Hope
Here are some Bible verses to guide your discussion:
2 Samuel 13:2
Amnon was so tormented that he made himself ill because of his sister Tamar, for she was a virgin and it seemed impossible to Amnon to do anything to her. (For context, read 13:1-22.)
This verse is one of the opening lines of the biblical account of Amnon, who was King David's firstborn son, raping his half-sister Tamar. This act had serious repercussions, not least of which was that Tamar was devastated (see vv. 19-20). And eventually, Tamar's full brother, Absalom, also David's son, had Amnon murdered in revenge (2 Samuel 13:23-29).
This story is not a perfect match to the Josh Duggar story, largely because both Amnon and Tamar were probably young adults, not children, at the time of the rape (although "young adult" in that culture began in the early teens -- not long after puberty). It's also not a perfect fit because, unlike Jim Bob Duggar, King David did nothing at all about Amnon's wrongdoing because, says the biblical narrator "he loved [Amnon], for he was his firstborn" (v. 21). That David did nothing to remove the shame and despair Absalom's sister felt may have been part of the reason that Absalom later led an unsuccessful revolt against his father, one that ended in Absalom's death and with David grieving.
But read the context and see how the rape damaged Tamar. Read the larger story and see how it wreaked havoc on David's family. It all reminds us why sexual offenses should not be ignored, and why, in some way, perpetrators must be held accountable and victims must receive support, counseling and help.
Questions: In your opinion, did Josh's parents do enough to deal with his wrongdoing? Why or why not? If you were their friends, what would you have told them? If you were the parents of a victim, what would you have told them to do? Would you have reported them, secretly or openly? Would you have moved to another church?
Luke 2:46, 48-49
After three days [Joseph and Mary] found [Jesus] in the temple, ... and his mother said to him, "Child, why have you treated us like this? Look, your father and I have been searching for you in great anxiety." He said to them, "Why were you searching for me? Did you not know that I must be in my Father's house?" (For context, read 2:41-51.)
This story raises the matter of what the age of accountability is in the legal/civic sense. TWW team member Frank Ramirez says, "For Jesus it was probably 13. That's why he gets a pass [at age 12] for having really pulled a raw one on his parents when he stays in Jerusalem without telling them. That's what kids do."
Questions: What do you think the age of accountability should be? Why? Should it be the same for every child? What do you think your age of accountability was? When did you have an adult understanding of right and wrong? To what extent are children accountable?
Luke 15:20-22
So he set off and went to his father. But while he was still far off, his father saw him and was filled with compassion; he ran and put his arms around him and kissed him. Then the son said to him, "Father, I have sinned against heaven and before you; I am no longer worthy to be called your son." But the father said to his slaves, "Quickly, bring out a robe -- the best one -- and put it on him ..." (For context, read 15:11-32.)
It might be said that the father in the Parable of the Prodigal Son bypassed the "law enforcement" of the day in how he handled his son's return. He could have let the community deal with the young man for shaming him, but he handled it in his own private, merciful way.
Questions: How do you decide, when dealing with family members, which offenses merit private mercy and which ones should be dealt with by authorities? Under what conditions do parents have responsibility for correcting their children, and under what conditions do outsiders (e.g., governmental authorities) have the responsibility?
It can be easy to say, "Your kid should have been arrested but my kid deserves a second chance and we don't want him/her to have a criminal record," but when do we have to let our head overrule our heart?
Ephesians 6:4
And, fathers, do not provoke your children to anger, but bring them up in the discipline and instruction of the Lord. (For context, read 6:1-4.)
Few Christians would argue against Paul's instruction here for fathers (and we would include mothers as well) to bring their children up "in the discipline and instruction of the Lord." But what is meant by "discipline" here? One meaning that no doubt applies is "correction," which can, of course, include punishment for wrongdoing. But another meaning is "applying self-control."
It's important for young people to learn self-control in terms of their normal sex drive, but if kids are taught that self-control means suppressing everything sexual, they can end up feeling guilty for having lustful thoughts, having sexual fantasies or masturbating. In some cases, Christian kids rush into marriage before they're ready in other ways so as to have a "non-sinful" outlet for their sex drive. Some manage to suppress their sex drive prior to the wedding, but then have difficulty functioning sexually once married.
Questions: Can masturbating actually be a self-control measure? How about helping young people to feel free to talk with their parents about their sexual feelings without being shamed?
1 Peter 4:8
Above all, maintain constant love for one another, for love covers a multitude of sins. (For context, read 4:7-11.)
TWW team member Jim Berger comments: "Yes, love covers a multitude of sins. But it does not set aside criminal culpability. Sexual assault is a felony, not a peccadillo."
Questions: When does covering a multitude of sins become a cover-up? What's the difference between covering and covering up? When does the covering itself become sinful?
For Further Discussion
1. Which sins do we allow ourselves? Why? Does allowing ourselves certain sins mean that we consider living a sinless life an impossible goal?
2. Might God be using the Duggars and their national platform to cast light on the problems of hidden molestations? If so, might God also be casting a light on our concept of mercy and forgiveness?
3. Respond to this, from a team member: "This desire to fix things in-house is uncomfortably reminiscent of what churches do, whether it's pedophile clergy or individuals who steal large sums of cash from churches because they're in a position of trust with no checks and balances."
4. Comment on this, from TWW team member Joanna Loucky-Ramsey: "This news brings to mind the question of why those in authority in the church might focus on 'mercy and grace' or 'forgiveness' themes when misbehavior, crimes or sins are brought to their attention. Who or what is foremost in their minds? Who merits protection? Is it the perpetrator? the victim? the body? the church leaders? Why do we want to keep things quiet? Is it really to protect the victims? Or are we deceiving ourselves when we really are trying to protect ourselves?"
5. Discuss this, from TWW team member Mary Sells: "I think one of the biggest challenges as Christians is to forgive, which doesn't equal condoning the sin; rather it is freeing oneself to let God work within the sinner. In the case of the Duggars, it seems like they followed biblical protocol, but intentionally (perhaps) skirted the legal process to try to bury the potential scandal. There can be many reasons: fame and fortune are jeopardized for sure; Josh's chance to be a productive adult; our certain outrage at molestation, especially of minors; etc. All of those are judgments and may or may not be right, yet one can only suppose at the whole truth. How will God choose to address this with the Duggars? We already see some of how society responds."
Responding to the News
This is a good time to review, and if necessary change, what we teach our children about dealing with their sex drive. It is also a time to make sure we as congregations have sound policies in place to keep the children in our care safe and free from predators.
Closing Prayer
O God, regardless of our age, give us the discipline we need to satisfy our powerful sex drive in ways that are good and right, and not harmful to others. Give us who are parents the insight we need to help our children learn responsible and realistic self-control regarding their sexuality. In Jesus' name. Amen.

Thursday, May 21, 2015

New Pew Survey Shows Christians Down, 'Nones' Up

© 2014 The Wired Word
www.thewiredword.com
A survey on religion in America released last week by the highly respected, nonpartisan Pew Research Center shows that the number of Americans who identify as Christians has declined from 78 to 70 percent since 2007. Over the same period, the number who declare themselves as having no affiliation with organized religion has increased from 15 to nearly 23 percent. For this study, Pew surveyed more than 35,000 Americans.
In survey shorthand, the non-affiliated group is sometimes called "nones." Some church commentators have delineated that group further into "nones" and "dones," using nones to specify those who have had little or no religious background and want no religion now, and dones to specify people who were once active church members and have left the church but still profess belief in God. In terms of the survey, however, dones are counted among the nones. Using the survey's definition, there are now about 56 million adults in the United States unattached to any organized religion.
The biggest growth in nones is in the young adult demographic. Commenting on this, Micah Holland, a young adult member of the TWW team, said, "None of this surprises me. Most of the friends that I grew up with do not attend church, and few have any conviction around faith at all. I have had great conversations with many of them regarding faith, but active attendance at a church is nowhere near the top of their radar for lots of different reasons. If someone comes on Sunday morning, I really feel like they want to know Jesus and few are there because they are 'supposed' to be there."
While most Christians likely find it hard to see these survey results as good news, some church-related commentators have said that losses are mainly among nominal Christians who no longer feel cultural pressure to attend church. These commentators add that those remaining within organized Christianity are largely convictional Christians, those who have been deeply committed to Christ all along; that number, they said, is not decreasing, and thus, Christianity is not dying.
One commentator taking that position is Russell Moore, president of the Ethics and Religious Liberty Commission of the Southern Baptist Convention. Responding to the Pew survey in his blog last week, Moore wrote, "Bible Belt near-Christianity is teetering. I say let it fall. For much of the twentieth century, especially in the South and parts of the Midwest, one had to at least claim to be a Christian to be 'normal.' During the Cold War, that meant distinguishing oneself from atheistic Communism. At other times, it has meant seeing churchgoing as a way to be seen as a good parent, a good neighbor and a regular person. It took courage to be an atheist, because explicit unbelief meant social marginalization. Rising rates of secularization, along with individualism, [mean] that those days are over -- and good riddance to them."
But is Moore right? A reporter from The Christian Post contacted Pew Research for reaction to Moore's blog. Responding for Pew, associate director Gregory Smith confirmed that the previous research conducted by Pew does show that part of the decline is due to once-nominal church members no longer calling themselves "Christian." But, Smith added, the research also shows that the nones, besides growing in numbers, are "also becoming more secular as they grow."
From the viewpoint of people attending churches with shrinking numbers, it may not matter whether Moore is right. When the number of attendees gets so small that survival of the congregation itself is in question, those remaining would likely welcome even nominal Christians.
Whether Christianity itself is sinking, many congregations are, and for them, the downturn means that they must decide what God is calling them to be and do now.
TWW team member Malia Miller belongs to a church that has declining numbers. She reports that her church is in an intentional process to determine how to revitalize its membership. They've used a consultant from the denomination who's helped them survey the members and plot a course. "As we pray and discuss the direction we need to take, we are slowly arriving at the conclusion that our focus needs to be on serving and living Christ-like lives so that those around us want to be a part of our efforts," Miller said.
"That's not to say that we shouldn't be looking for ways to create opportunity for others to join us in our church community," Miller added, "but we have spent too much time trying to discover why others do not join us instead of focusing our efforts on what Christ would want us to be doing to further his kingdom."
More on this story can be found at these links:
America's Changing Religious Landscape. Pew Research Center 
Reflections on the Pew Forum: Adjusting to the 'New Normal.' Patheos 
Is Christianity Dying? Moore to the Point 
Is Christian Decline in America Due to 'Fewer Incognito Atheists,' ...? CP Asked Pew Research .... Christian Post 
Christians Need to Face the Bad News About Christianity. The Week
You've Met the 'Nones.' Now Meet the 'Dones.' Baptist News Global
The Big Questions
1. Why are you a part of your church? What keeps you there?
2. What does it feel like to know that the church has changed and is less a force in the culture? Is there fear? Are you more likely or less likely to want to be involved with a church after all of this information?
3. Should evangelism be more of a focus for your congregation? What exactly is evangelism? Which is better for long-term Christianity: the revival of a non-participant believer or the conversion of a non-believer? What is our responsibility as believers with respect to our inactive or non-believing brothers and sisters?
4. Is coming to church necessary to be a Christian? What if someone is just part of an ongoing small group that discusses faith but is not connected to organized religion? What is the point of corporate worship? Does corporate worship need to be changed as well?
5. What is God calling your church to be and do in this time when there is little or no social or cultural pressure on people to attend church?
Confronting the News With Scripture and Hope
Here are some Bible verses to guide your discussion:
1 Peter 3:15-16
... in your hearts sanctify Christ as Lord. Always be ready to make your defense to anyone who demands from you an accounting for the hope that is in you; yet do it with gentleness and reverence. (For context, read 3:8-17.)
One way to respond to the growth of the nones demographic is to pay attention to how we express "the hope that is in us" -- our faith in Christ and in God's promises -- as Peter said above. One reason some people turn away from the faith is because they've not really seen the need for it. They've perhaps gone along with it because they were taken to church while growing up, but it never became their own.
Being able to account for the hope that is in us means giving credible witness to our faith. It's good for us to be able, when an appropriate occasion presents itself, to briefly tell the content of our faith and where it meets the reality of our lives. When we do that, those who hear us at least have a basis on which to give the Christian faith a fair hearing.
Question: In what terms do you express the hope that is in you?
Matthew 5:16
In the same way, let your light shine before others, so that they may see your good works and give glory to your Father in heaven. (For context, read 5:13-16.)
This verse provides a biblical basis for what Malia Miller's fellow church members have concluded, as described in the "In the News" section above: "As we pray and discuss the direction we need to take, we are slowly arriving at the conclusion that our focus needs to be on serving and living Christ-like lives so that those around us want to be a part of our efforts."
Questions: What does it mean for your light to shine before others? What if letting your light shine faithfully shows no positive results in terms of numerical church growth? Does that mean there's something wrong with your light? Are we called to be faithful or effective -- or both? Explain your answer. What are the different responses you have experienced while shining the light of Jesus?
Mark 10:21-22
Jesus, looking at him, loved him and said, "You lack one thing; go, sell what you own, and give the money to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven; then come, follow me." When he heard this, he was shocked and went away grieving, for he had many possessions. (For context, read 10:17-27.)
This is from the incident of the rich young man who came to Jesus asking what he needed to do to receive eternal life. Jesus' reply and the man's response are in the verses above.
We note that when the young man decided he didn't want to sell his possessions to benefit the poor and then come follow Jesus, Jesus didn't go running after him begging him to reconsider, or asking him how he (Jesus) might change his program to make the fellow more interested.
Whatever the reason people leave Jesus, or leave a local fellowship of believers, Jesus' attitude toward them is one of love. But how about us? Can we love the inactives -- the dones? Sometimes the "faithful" find that hard to do. We may have feelings of anger, grief, shock, a sense of having been betrayed, etc.
(For more on this, see the team discussion regarding visiting inactives in the "For Further Discussion" section below.)
Questions: Do we see inactives as Judases who have tasted of Christ and abandoned him? Is jumping the ship of the church the same thing as rejecting Jesus? Have there been times you have been tempted to jump ship as well? Why?
Galatians 6:9
So let us not grow weary in doing what is right, for we will reap at harvest time, if we do not give up. (For context, read 6:7-10.)
It's good to hear this word from Paul, advising us not to let weariness be the ruling force in deciding what to do next. We suspect he would also tell us not to let discouragement, downer statistics, cultural trends, fear or similar things rule us either. "So let us not grow weary in doing what is right ...." Indeed!
Questions: In what circumstances of your church today do you especially need to hear -- and affirm -- Galatians 6:9? Have you felt discouragement while waiting for the harvest? How do you define the "harvest time" (called "due season" in the King James Version)?
1 Corinthians 2:1-5
When I came to you, brothers and sisters, I did not come proclaiming the mystery of God to you in lofty words or wisdom. For I decided to know nothing among you except Jesus Christ, and him crucified. And I came to you in weakness and in fear and in much trembling. My speech and my proclamation were not with plausible words of wisdom, but with a demonstration of the Spirit and of power, so that your faith might rest not on human wisdom but on the power of God. (No additional context needed.)
Paul here tells the Corinthians about the attitude and spirit with which he came to them when he previously visited their community. Notice what he says about his priorities.
Questions: In what ways might Paul's priorities here inform your efforts as a fellowship of believers in Jesus? How would you describe your church's approach to those outside it? -- with fear and trembling? with "lofty words"? some other attitude (specify)? Compare your experience in this regard with other churches you have attended.
For Further Discussion
1. Discuss this: This week's topic led four of our TWW team members who have pastored churches to discuss the question included in Big Question #3 above: Which is better for long term Christianity: the revival of a non-participant believer or the conversion of a non-believer?"
Stan Purdum said, "I'm inclined to think the latter. In each church I pastored, I took the membership list and visited all those who were on the list but hadn't attended for a long time (that is, they had been inactives long before I arrived). I eventually realized that from the perspective of reactivating them in the church, my visiting them was a waste of time. I can't think of one long-term inactive who ever returned to the church as a result. (I had better luck with short-term inactives, those who had stopped coming because they didn't like the previous pastor. But I can't really take credit for them, as most had planned to return as soon as the disliked pastor moved on.)
     "I once suggested to my fellow pastors in the area that we exchange lists of long-term inactives, thinking that people might feel they had burned their bridges with the congregation to which they belonged but might go to another one where they could get a fresh start, but none of my colleagues ever took me up on that offer."
Heidi Mann said, "Lay people always want a pastor who will go visit the inactives. I think they must think it gets them off the hook of inviting unchurched people to church. Perhaps many pastors also think visiting the inactives is easier than visiting the unchurched -- which might explain your colleagues' lack of interest in trading inactive lists, Stan."
Joanna Loucky-Ramsey commented, "I never thought visiting inactives was easier. In some ways, it's harder. Some of them may have bitterness, resentment, anger or other negative feelings that we in the church don't want uncovered. Better to 'let sleeping dogs lie' than have them come back to bite us. We don't necessarily {ITALIC}want to know why they left. If we found out, we might have some repenting to do, or have to face some uncomfortable truths about ourselves. Of course, people leave for many reasons, good and bad, and not all separations are negative."
Frank Ramirez said, "I've just started at only my fourth church. One of the first things that happens is people tell me, 'I want you to make this person come back to church!' I'd love to know how I 'make' someone come back. Often I can establish a very cordial relationship, but generally if a ship has sailed, it's not coming back to port. Sometimes a non-attender comes back for a few months or a year, then disappears again. Sometimes the reason they left was the previous pastor, but often it's because of church members that are still there!
     "When I left my second church, I was told that two or three families returned, but none of them stayed long. They bolted at the first sign of trouble.
     "I have to agree with Stan's comment. Too bad I wasn't in the same community, Stan, or I might have been tempted to trade lists! That would have been interesting."
2. What effect, if any, has your church had on your relationship with God? What, if anything, would need to change here to help you grow more toward Jesus' call to love God and love others?
3. Respond to this old saying in light of this lesson's topic: "If you always do what you always did, you always get what you already got."
Responding to the News
This could be the right time to take intentional steps to decide what your congregation should be and do in response to God's call.
Closing Prayer
Keep us, O Lord, from letting statistics be the primary shaper of our work for you. And help us to know how to be your faithful church even when the spirit of the age seems to be prevailing against us. In Jesus' name. Amen.

Thursday, May 14, 2015

Competition for Decreasing Water Supply Heats Up

In response to four years of the worst drought in California's history, Governor Jerry Brown issued an executive order April 1 announcing mandatory water restrictions for the first time. Municipalities and townships have been ordered to slash water usage by 25 percent. The restrictions do not apply to farms, orchards and ranches, which consume at least 80 percent of California's water supply.
As warming trends continue and the amount of snow cover on the Cascade and Sierra Nevada mountain ranges declines, water that normally comes from snowmelt is no longer sufficient for residential and agricultural use, sustaining wildlife and maintaining adequate water levels for the state's energy needs.
Because of the decline in surface water, more drilling for groundwater beneath the surface is occurring, rapidly depleting aquifers. A 2011 study demonstrated that the Central Valley Aquifer, which is vital to the state's food production industry, annually loses approximately 29 million acre-feet of water -- the amount it would take to cover 29 million acres of land with one foot of water.
Other western states are also reeling from severe drought conditions that have lasted more than a decade. But the effects of drought are being felt across the globe as well. For example, Brazil has 12 percent of the world's fresh water but has been experiencing its worst drought in 80 years.
Since the 1970s, the population of California has doubled to approximately 38.8 million people, increasing the demand on declining water resources. Without adequate precipitation to replenish surface water, the state faces alarming shortages and difficult decisions in the future regarding how to make up for the difference and how to equitably distribute precious, but increasingly scarce, resources.
Dennis Dimick, National Geographic's Executive Editor for the Environment, reported that "Central Valley cropland and dairy farms produce more than 300 commodities, generating 65 percent of the state's $42.6 billion agricultural revenue. Up to 20 percent of the cropland is now fallow because of drought and crop rotation."
Last fall, Los Angeles mayor Eric Garcetti issued this statement that may prove even more relevant today: "We are making the drought a top priority because this record drought threatens our economy and environment at crisis levels."
More on this story can be found at these links:
5 Things You Should Know About California's Water Crisis. National Geographic 
Draining California (interactive graphic). National Geographic
The Billions of Gallons of Water Wasted by Accident Every Year. Yahoo News
São Paulo Drought 2015: Photos of Historic Water Crisis in Brazil Show City on the Brink of Collapse. International Business Times
The Big Questions
1. In what sense might water be considered a commodity similar to other resources that can be bought, sold or traded? In what sense should access to water be treated as a human right? Explain your answer.
2. How do people act when they perceive a commodity as abundant? Do they act differently when they perceive it to be scarce or at risk? How do you act in these different circumstances?
3. What specific things should churches do during times of water shortage regarding use of water in the church building? What, if anything, should churches do during such times to help the community? Is there anything from the Bible to help answer these questions?
4. What responsibility, if any, do Christians have to fight for those who may be harmed by some who seem to hoard precious resources? How do we ensure respect for private property rights, implied in the commandment "Thou shalt not steal," while upholding the rights of all people to resources they need to simply survive?
5. In times of declining resources, how do we decide who gets access to those assets? What is the role of the church in that discussion?
Confronting the News With Scripture and Hope
Here are some Bible verses to guide your discussion:
Job 24:19
Drought and heat snatch away the snow waters; so does Sheol those who have sinned. (For context, read 24:1-12, 19-24).
For generations, humans no doubt could hardly conceive of the notion that "the snow waters" from high-elevation snowfields and glaciers might ever totally disappear, or be "snatched away," before our very eyes at the alarming rate being witnessed by our generation.
Question: What should people of God do in response to the dramatic changes in our environment?
Jeremiah 14:1-5
The word of the LORD that came to Jeremiah concerning the drought: Judah mourns and her gates languish; they lie in gloom on the ground, and the cry of Jerusalem goes up. Her nobles send their servants for water; they come to the cisterns, they find no water, they return with their vessels empty. They are ashamed and dismayed and cover their heads, because the ground is cracked. Because there has been no rain on the land the farmers are dismayed; they cover their heads. Even the doe in the field forsakes her newborn fawn because there is no grass. (For context, read 14:1-9.)
Jeremiah predicted that a drought would befall the southern Hebrew kingdom of Judah because of their apostasy and sin. Moses had warned the Hebrews in Deuteronomy 28:20-24 that disobeying God's law would result in drought and pestilence. The language of verses 23-24 there is poetic, but the reality the language depicts is brutal: "The sky over your head shall be bronze, and the earth under you iron. The LORD will change the rain of your land into powder, and only dust shall come down upon you from the sky until you are destroyed." Yet in the passage from Jeremiah, the prophet still sees the Lord as their only hope and savior (vv. 8-9).
Questions: How should Christians view water shortages, droughts and the famine and pestilence that so often follow? As demand and competition for precious resources increase and trigger conflict, what should be our attitude toward those resources? Toward others who need them?
Matthew 10:42
... and whoever gives even a cup of cold water to one of these little ones in the name of a disciple -- truly I tell you, none of these will lose their reward. (For context, read 10:40-42.)
The words above are but a small part of Jesus' instructions to his disciples as he sent them out on "mission journeys" to share the good news of the kingdom of God.
Questions: When have you given "a cup of cold water" to one in need? What commodity did you share? For most of us, giving "a cup of cold water" costs us nothing but a little time and effort. But what if it were literally water? What if you were in the desert far from a water source and someone asked you for the last bit of water in your canteen? What if the simple act of giving water to someone being victimized invited retaliation from that person's abuser? Where can you find the courage to give "a cup of cold water" when you are called to give not from your surplus but from scarcity?
Acts 6:1-5
Now during those days, when the disciples were increasing in number, the Hellenists complained against the Hebrews because their widows were being neglected in the daily distribution of food. And the twelve called together the whole community of the disciples and said, "It is not right that we should neglect the word of God in order to wait on tables. Therefore, friends, select from among yourselves seven men of good standing, full of the Spirit and of wisdom, whom we may appoint to this task, while we, for our part, will devote ourselves to prayer and to serving the word." What they said pleased the whole community … (For context, read 6:1-7.)
The men chosen to administer the daily distribution of food to widows were more than waiters; Five are mentioned nowhere else in the New Testament, but Philip became a mighty evangelist (Acts 8 and 21:8) and Stephen, a powerful preacher and the first recorded martyr (Acts 6-7).
It is noteworthy that the community of believers selected seven men who all had Greek names (v. 5), suggesting that the church purposely empowered people from the very group that felt disenfranchised or slighted to help correct the problem of real or perceived injustice. After the seven were chosen, the Hebrew apostles affirmed the decision by praying and laying hands on them, demonstrating that they fully supported them. Luke writes that "the word of God continued to spread" and "the number of disciples increased greatly" after that (6:6-7).
Questions: When should church leaders step in to ensure that resources in the community of faith -- or the wider community -- are managed equitably? What qualities do leaders need in order to perform such a task well? Where do you see the need for similar administrative gifts in your church? In your community, our nation or the world? At the time and place described in Acts 6, why do you think the word of God spread and the number of disciples increased greatly?
How does your congregation, district and/or denomination go about administering resources in a fair manner? How well do you succeed, do you think? How are choices about fair distribution made difficult by competing constituencies like the Aramaic and Greek speakers in Acts? Identify the competing constituencies.
Acts 2:44-45
All who believed were together and had all things in common; they would sell their possessions and goods and distribute the proceeds to all, as any had need. (For context, read 2:43-47.)
These verses describe how the early church in Jerusalem functioned communally -- they "had all things in common."
Questions: Should we follow the example in these verses in the way we handle water? Why or why not? Does Peter's admonition of Ananias in Acts 5:4 (context: 5:1-11) -- "While it remained unsold, did it not remain your own? And after it was sold, were not the proceeds at your disposal?" -- change your answer? If so, in what way?
For Further Discussion
1. Discuss this: Stephanie Pincetl, director of the California Center for Sustainable Communities at UCLA, observed in an interview with Yahoo News: "Wealth was the most reliable predictor of water use [in Ph.D. student Caroline Mini's study of residential water consumption in the city of Los Angeles]." Affluent neighborhoods used more than three times the water of less affluent ones. The study went on to say, "When rates went up by tier for water conservation, low-income people conserve more water -- showing they are more price-sensitive to water rates than wealthy people." Some months back, a judge in Michigan declared that water was not a right but a commodity. The context was the city of Detroit, which was shutting off the water of poor people who had not paid their water bill.
2. Watch and discuss the video "Is Water a Human Right?" (2:16) on YouTube.

3. Comment on this from TWW contributor Frank Ramirez: "I am reminded of the Leviticus/Ruth passages concerning the fact that we are allowed one pass through our fields and then the rest belongs to the poor, as their right. This is not charity, but a biblical obligation."
4. Discuss the following: A classic Peanuts comic strip by Charles Schulz depicts a panting Snoopy on a blistering hot day lying on his back on top of his dog house. He turns over on his stomach, but just can't get comfortable under the unrelenting sun. He goes to his water bowl and cries, "Empty! And I'm dying of thirst!" He picks the bowl up in his mouth, carries it to the outdoor faucet and holds the bowl under the spigot, waiting in vain for water to flow into his bowl. A few frames later, rain begins to fall, soon becoming a heavy downpour. Snoopy carries his bowl back, puts it down on the ground and drinks his fill of rainwater from heaven. As the rain tapers off, he ponders what just happened. Then, lying back down on the top of his dog house, he says, "That's one I'm going to have to think about for a while!"
Responding to the News
Review one of the many lists of ways to conserve water available online, and choose one or two that you will take steps to implement in the next week. Here are a couple of links to get you started:
Conserving Water. Green Homes / US EPA 
25 Ways to Conserve Water in the Home and Yard. Eartheasy
Closing Prayer

Creator God, as we enjoy the bounty your hand has provided, help us to be ever mindful of those who lack basic resources necessary to survive. Help us not to waste precious assets just because they seem plentiful at the moment. And remind us to share a cup of cold water with others, even when sharing requires sacrifice. In the name of Jesus, the Living Water, who pours out the Holy Spirit generously upon parched souls who seek him, Amen.

Thursday, May 7, 2015

Baltimore Officers Indicted in Death of Citizen

On Friday, May 1, Maryland State's Attorney Marilyn J. Mosby indicted six Baltimore police officers for multiple crimes against Freddie Gray, 25, the latest black male whose death occurred in connection with a confrontation with police.
Mosby asserted: "The manner of death deemed a homicide by the State Medical Examiner is believed to be the result of a fatal injury that occurred while Mr. Gray was unrestrained by a seat belt in the custody of the Baltimore Police Department wagon."
Officer Caesar R. Goodson Jr., the driver of the van in which Gray was transported, was charged with second-degree murder, manslaughter and assault. Five other officers are accused of involuntary and vehicular manslaughter, assault, false imprisonment and misconduct in office. All six were processed last Friday at Central Booking (ironically, the same location where Gray was being taken upon his arrest), released on bail and suspended without pay. Three of the indicted officers are black, three are white and one is female.
Despite Mosby's relative inexperience (at the age of 35, she is the youngest chief prosecutor of a major U.S. city and has been on the job for only four months), she seems able to empathize with police officers as well as with victims of crime and injustice. The daughter, granddaughter and niece of five law enforcement officers told Baltimore Magazine in January that "the majority of police officers are really hard-working officers who are risking their lives day in and day out." In her announcement of the charges against these six officers, Mosby stressed that their arrests should not be interpreted as "an indictment of the entire police force." She appealed to city residents "to remain patient and peaceful and to trust the process of the justice system."
An African-American woman, Mosby knows what it feels like to lose a family member to violence: she was only fourteen when her best friend and cousin Diron Spence, 17, himself the son of a police officer, was shot to death by an 18-year-old black male who mistook him for a drug dealer.
Known as a champion for justice for all, Mosby stated during her campaign for her current position: "Police brutality is completely inexcusable. I'm going to apply justice fairly, even to those who wear a badge."
Gray, who had been arrested over a dozen times in the past decade and who had three trials currently scheduled, was apprehended April 12 after three officers chased him when he ran from one of them. When Gray complained that he could not breathe and needed an inhaler, his request was denied. At that time he was found to be carrying a legal "spring-assisted" knife (which can be confused with an illegal knife known as a "switchblade"). Mosby concluded that the officers did not have probable cause to arrest him.
According to reports, during the drive to Central Booking, the van stopped four times; Gray asked for a medic at least twice, to no avail. When the officers found him unresponsive on the floor of the van, they did not attempt to assess his condition or to provide him with medical assistance.
It was not clear from Mosby's announcement whether Goodson (the driver) is suspected of using a technique known as a "rough ride," which causes shackled prisoners who are not restrained by seat belts to knock about against the walls of the vehicle.
When the van arrived at the Western District police station, Gray had sustained severe injury to his spinal cord, was in cardiac arrest and was no longer breathing. A medic was finally called; Gray was sent to a trauma center for emergency surgery, but he died a week later.
Since the incident, protests in Baltimore have ranged from peaceful to riotous. Some 1,000 police officers and 2,000 Maryland National Guard troops were deployed to quell violence and enforce a 10 p.m.-to-5 a.m. curfew, which has since been lifted. During the civil unrest, at least 486 persons were arrested and 113 police officers injured. Some businesses were attacked and property damaged. Gray's family appealed for calm.
Residents responded to the chief prosecutor's surprisingly swift announcement with a mix of celebration and caution. Other recent deaths of African-Americans during confrontations with police (notably Eric Garner in Staten Island, New York, and Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri) did not produce indictments against the officers involved. Some people have considered those outcomes miscarriages of justice while others have seen them as rulings befitting the facts of those cases. But the facts in the Freddie Gray case are different, and many expressed hope that the officers involved will be convicted. Others cautioned that the indictments, while a step in that direction, are no guarantee of conviction.
Harvard legal scholar Alan Dershowitz was even more critical: "Today had nothing to do with justice. Today was crowd control. Everything today was motivated by a threat of riots and a desire to prevent riots."
After Gray's funeral last Monday, hundreds of pastors marched together in a show of solidarity with the family in what the Rev. Dr. Frank Reid III, pastor of Bethel A.M.E. Church, called "a demonstration of love and fearlessness." Leaders of faith communities have been meeting with representatives of gangs to seek paths of peace for the residents of their community.
Reid stated, "There is an opening in many young lives. There is an opportunity to touch a new generation -- not to use them for church purposes but to empower them to fulfill their purpose in life. That's exciting. Is it dangerous? What isn't dangerous?"
More on this story can be found at these links:
Six Baltimore Police Officers Charged in Freddy Gray's Death. Baltimore Sun 
Poll: 65 Percent of Americans Support Decision to Charge Officers in Freddie Gray's Death. Yahoo! News
A Pastor's Faith in Baltimore. Washington Post

The Big Questions
1. What happens when justice is denied in a society? What happens when people believe justice has been served? What happens when people are unjustly punished but people believe justice has been served, such as in a lynching or false arrest/imprisonment? How do we determine what constitutes justice in our society when we have different perceptions and perspectives of the criminal justice system?
2. How important is it for the church to pursue justice in civil society? How can Christians do that as individuals, congregations and denominations? What role models do you look to for inspiration in this area?
3. When have you witnessed effective ecumenical or interfaith collaboration to benefit civic society?
4. Are looting and rioting ever justified? Explain your answer. How should one respond when government agencies, programs and regulations fail to produce their hoped-for improvements and benefits to the community -- or even result in a worsening situation?
5. What is the role of leadership in a time of crisis? What questions should we be asking at this point in our civic discussion? What is the role of the church in times like this?
Confronting the News With Scripture and Hope
Here are some Bible verses to guide your discussion:
Acts 5:34-35, 38-39
But a Pharisee in the council named Gamaliel, a teacher of the law, respected by all the people, stood up and ordered the men to be put outside for a short time. Then he said to them, "Fellow Israelites, consider carefully what you propose to do to these men. ... I tell you, keep away from these men and let them alone; because if this plan or this undertaking is of human origin, it will fail; but if it is of God, you will not be able to overthrow them -- in that case you may even be found fighting against God!" They were convinced by him, (For context, read 5:17-40.)
In the early days following the resurrection and ascension of Jesus, God's Spirit empowered the apostles to perform many signs and wonders as a testimony to the power of Jesus' name. People were added to the church daily, drawing the ire of jealous religious leaders, who arrested and imprisoned the apostles. But God sent an angel to arrange a jailbreak, and the next day they were back in the temple teaching about Jesus.
Luke tells us that the temple police brought them in for questioning, "but without violence, for they were afraid of being stoned by the people" (v. 26). When the religious leaders heard the apostles proclaim Jesus as Lord and Savior, they wanted to kill them. That's when Gamaliel, a wise man among the leaders, stood up and urged caution. He pointed to historical examples of men who led rebellions that fizzled, suggesting that the same thing would happen if the apostles' movement was of human origin. But if their message was from God, any attempt to thwart it was doomed to fail.
Although the council still had the apostles flogged, without Gamaliel's intervention, the result could have been much worse. During another time of civil unrest, Pontius Pilate, the Roman governor of Judea, tried unsuccessfully to change the minds of those who wanted to crucify Jesus.
Questions: What factors may limit a leader's ability to influence others during a time of crisis? What factors enhance a leader's power to influence others? What did Gamaliel risk by speaking up when tempers were hot? Why do you think people listened to him? How can people use their influence to move hearts and minds from destructive mob action to more circumspect behavior more in line with God's will?
Acts 16:37-39
But Paul replied, "They have beaten us in public, uncondemned, men who are Roman citizens, and have thrown us into prison; and now are they going to discharge us in secret? Certainly not! Let them come and take us out themselves." The police reported these words to the magistrates, and they were afraid when they heard that they were Roman citizens; so they came and apologized to them. And they took them out and asked them to leave the city. (For context, read 16:22-24, 35-40.)
In Acts 16:16-40 we learn that after Paul cast a spirit of divination, or fortune-telling, out of a slave girl, her owners dragged Paul and Silas before the city magistrates, stirring up the crowd to attack them. The authorities stripped the pair, beat them severely and threw them in jail. During the night, an earthquake struck, and the jailer, supposing all his prisoners had escaped, was about to commit suicide when Paul stopped him and introduced him to Jesus. In the morning, the city leaders sent the police to release Paul and Silas. One might have expected Paul to jump at the chance to get out of jail free, but he refused to leave until they received redress for the injustices inflicted upon them. In short, Paul held government officials responsible for their actions.
Questions: When have you fought for justice, either for yourself or for others, as an integral part of your mission? Do you see holding government officials accountable as a part of the church's essential mission? Why or why not? Why do you think Paul didn't just let their actions pass? Are there times we should let an injustice go? How do you know when to fight and when to move on without insisting on satisfaction?
Acts 19:35-36, 38, 40-41
But when the town clerk had quieted the crowd, he said, "Citizens of Ephesus, ... you ought to be quiet and do nothing rash. ... If therefore Demetrius and the artisans with him have a complaint against anyone, the courts are open, and there are proconsuls; let them bring charges there against one another. ... For we are in danger of being charged with rioting today, since there is no cause that we can give to justify this commotion." When he had said this, he dismissed the assembly. (For context, read 19:21-41.)
In Acts 19:23-41, we read of another instance in which Paul's preaching of the gospel has created quite a disturbance. Demetrius, a silversmith whose livelihood of creating images of the goddess Artemis is threatened by Paul's preaching against idolatry, incites other artisans to wrath, creating mass hysteria and confusion in the city. Paul wants to go into the crowd, but is prevented by the disciples and urged by some friendly provincial officials to stay out of sight.
Then a Jew named Alexander attempts to calm the crowd, which only inflames the people more. It takes the town clerk, a civil servant who is one of their own, to calm the people and avert rioting. He suggests that the accused are innocent until proven guilty (v. 37) and points out that Demetrius has a legal remedy if he feels he has a legitimate grievance.
Questions: Compare the actions of this town clerk with the actions of Marilyn Mosby in the news story. Are there times when non-believing civic authorities might be more effective at managing a crisis than believers are? In a crisis, how do we know when to speak and when to keep our mouths shut? If we are not called upon to speak up in a particular situation, what should we do so that at least we don't make matters worse?
2 Chronicles 19:5-7, 11
[Jehoshaphat] appointed judges in the land in all the fortified cities of Judah, city by city, and said to the judges, "Consider what you are doing, for you judge not on behalf of human beings but on the LORD's behalf; he is with you in giving judgment. Now, let the fear of the LORD be upon you; take care what you do, for there is no perversion of justice with the LORD our God, or partiality, or taking of bribes. ... Deal courageously, and may the LORD be with the good!" (For context, read 19:4-11.)
Jehoshaphat, whose name means "Jehovah has judged," became the fourth king of Judah at the age of 35. The same name shows up in Joel 3:2, which states that God will gather all nations together for judgment in the Valley of Jehoshaphat. Here (in 2 Chronicles) Jehoshaphat conducts training on how to render just judgments for the people.
Questions: What does the king say lies at the heart of just judgment? How should earthly judges mirror God's character and behavior? Why does it take courage to be a good judge?
Isaiah 53:8-9
By a perversion of justice he was taken away. Who could have imagined his future? For he was cut off from the land of the living, stricken for the transgression of my people. They made his grave with the wicked and his tomb with the rich, although he had done no violence, and there was no deceit in his mouth. (For context, read 53:4-9.)
Acts 10:42
He commanded us to preach to the people and to testify that he is the one ordained by God as judge of the living and the dead. (For context, read 10:34-43; cf. 2 Timothy 4:1.)
One way to understand the death of Jesus is through the lens of injustice. He "was cut off from the land of the living ... although he had done no violence" -- in other words, he did nothing worthy of death. When the Ethiopian eunuch asks deacon Philip to explain this passage from the prophet Isaiah, Philip tells him it refers to Jesus (Acts 8:32-35).
Question: What does it mean to you that Jesus, who suffered injustice at the hands of humankind, has been "ordained by God as judge of the living and the dead"?
For Further Discussion
1. Rev. Dr. Frank Reid III, pastor of Bethel A.M.E. Church in Baltimore, believes there is a growing "opportunity gap" in America. "When the opportunity gap gets as vast as it is," says Reid, "it is filled with frustration, fear, powerlessness." Is it part of the mission of the church to address this "opportunity gap" in some way? If so, how? Do you believe such a gap exists? If so, what are some possible causes? Is it part of the mission of the church to address this opportunity gap in some way? If so, how? If not, is it part of your mission -- or that of other people -- to address it? How do you handle disagreements over how to increase opportunity for all?
2. Respond to this observation, also from Reid: "If the marchers here had gone to the Inner Harbor [a tourist district], would we have seen that looting? The police would have prevented it." Are some communities considered more "expendable" than others? Explain your answer. What does the gospel say to the church about people in communities some might consider "expendable"? Where are the "expendable" people groups in the vicinity of your church? How is your church relating to them?
3. Reid reflected: "Romans Chapter 8 says that creation is moaning, groaning, giving birth. What we are seeing in urban neighborhoods is groaning and pain. If we stay focused, we can give birth to something positive and powerful." On what does the church need to focus in order to give birth to something positive and powerful? What would that "something" look like?
4. Discuss these pithy statements from the Wisdom literature of the Bible in the context of the news story of the day:
• Proverbs 21:2-4 All deeds are right in the sight of the doer, but the LORD weighs the heart. To do righteousness and justice is more acceptable to the LORD than sacrifice. Haughty eyes and a proud heart -- the lamp of the wicked -- are sin.
• Proverbs 22:8 Whoever sows injustice will reap calamity, and the rod of anger will fail.
• Ecclesiastes 5:8 If you see in a province the oppression of the poor and the violation of justice and right, do not be amazed at the matter; for the high official is watched by a higher, and there are yet higher ones over them.
• Proverbs 29:4 By justice a king gives stability to the land ...
• Proverbs 21:15 When justice is done, it is a joy to the righteous, but dismay to evildoers.
• Proverbs 13:12 Hope deferred makes the heart sick, but a desire fulfilled is a tree of life.
Responding to the News
This might be a time to consider how to "touch a new generation -- not to use them for church purposes but to empower them to fulfill their purpose in life." Or this might be the time to assess how you as an individual and as a community of faith can help people in authority administer justice fairly.
Closing Prayer
Almighty God, just as you always use your power for good and not for evil, we pray that all those in positions of power on earth would exercise their authority with justice, wisdom and discernment, to build up and not destroy the people. Give us leaders who will respond to the needs of the people with compassion and understanding, so that together we may build communities of peace throughout our land. Amen.
Other News This Week
Abercrombie Dials Back Sex-Tinged Marketing
In the News
Abercrombie & Fitch, which until recent years was the go-to clothing retailer for teens and college-age people, is toning down its sexualized marketing and changing its policy of hiring only good-looking in-store employees. The employees, whom A&F had called "models," will now be titled "brand representatives." And the actual models in A&F ads -- until recently, often shirtless boys with ripped abs or girls partially topless -- will now have shirts on.
The changes, set to be in place by July, do not appear to be because someone high up in the company had a crisis of conscience, but because the sex-tinged approach (some observers referred to it as "soft-core pornography") stopped working. Young people once flocked to Abercrombie stores, where they paid full retail prices for ripped jeans and other trendy garb, all emblazoned with A&F's logo. These days, however, A&F's target clientele is shopping at fast-fashion chains such as Forever 21 and H&M that feature inexpensive clothing without prominent logos.
Sales at A&F stores have dropped in five of the past seven years, and current profits are plummeting.
Beyond using sex-charged marketing, A&F had set a tone about personal appearance that many young people don't match, sometimes to their despair. Abercrombie's clerk-"models" were all trim and physically attractive (one news article referred to them as "clones"). Until about a year ago, the stores didn't offer any women's clothes bigger than a size 10.
Alexandra Corning, director of the Body Image and Eating Disorder Laboratory at the University of Notre Dame, said that the image A&F had pushed contributes to "body dissatisfaction" and self-esteem issues for some young people, which can lead to eating disorders.
Commenting on the collapse of A&F's profits, Albert Mohler, president of the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, said, "Those who live by a code of physical attractiveness will die by a code of physical attractiveness; those who try to build a marketing empire and a public relations momentum when it comes to highly sexualized images will eventually die by those highly sexualized images; trying to separate the good [and] the beautiful and the true as pornography always does, ... eventually ... falls apart."
Corning, however, is looking ahead and hopes that the changes Abercrombie is making will help its sales so that other retailers will take a similar course. "I would praise their advertising decision regardless of their motives," she said. "Less bombardment by these kinds of images in the malls and online is better, healthwise, for everyone."
For this TWW lesson, we are not talking about pornography per se, though that certainly contributes to the overall sexualized tone of our times. Rather we are talking about that tone, which pervades the culture and comes at everyone in the society, even people who scrupulously avoid pornography. These two definitions (from Wikipedia) may be helpful in our discussion:
Sexualization is to make something sexual in character or quality, or to become aware of sexuality, especially in relation to men and women. Sexualization is linked to sexual objectification.
Sexual objectification is the act of treating a person as an instrument of sexual pleasure. Objectification more broadly means treating a person as a commodity or an object, without regard to their personality or dignity. Objectification is most commonly examined at the level of a society, but can also refer to the behavior of individuals.
Thus, we are not talking about mere sexual attractiveness -- something God created for good -- but seeking or receiving sexual pleasure without regard to the context of God's gift of sex.
More on this story can be found at these links:
Abercrombie & Fitch Takes a New Tack: Toning It Down. Pilot Online
To Lure Back Young Shoppers, Abercrombie Puts On a Shirt. New York Times
The Aging of Abercrombie & Fitch. Bloomberg
Transcript: The Briefing 04-30-15 (see item #2, regarding Abercrombie). Albert Mohler
The Big Questions
1. Read the two definitions at the end of the "In the News" section above. What are some ways sexualization and sexual objectification seem most prevalent in our society today? Do you judge those ways to be helpful, harmful or somewhere between those extremes? Why?
2. Since, short of withdrawing from our culture, we cannot avoid the sexualized atmosphere of our times, how should Christians operate within that atmosphere?
3. What should we be teaching our children and grandchildren about the sexualized messages and images around us?
4. What is the Bible's view of sex? In what ways is that different from the view(s) implied in the general sexualization of our society?
Confronting the News With Scripture and Hope
Here are some Bible verses to guide your discussion:
Genesis 2:24
Therefore a man leaves his father and his mother and clings to his wife, and they become one flesh. (For context, read 2:18-25.)
Ephesians 5:28
In the same way, husbands should love their wives as they do their own bodies. He who loves his wife loves himself. (For context, read 5:25-33.)
These two verses are a good place to begin thinking about the biblical view of sex. Taken together, they imply that when sex is engaged in within marriage and is respectful of one's partner, it is a good thing, a good gift from God, a way of knowing and enjoying one another on a deeper level. But the verses implicitly recognize that sex is something less than that good thing when it is outside of a committed relationship.
These verses are applicable to the sexualization of our culture, for that cultural tone entices us to separate sex from committed relationships.
Questions: In what ways does living by the biblical view of sex contribute to our having healthy sex lives? Can you find any scripture that puts a heavy premium on a certain physical appearance as a prerequisite for a healthy sex life?
Matthew 5:27-29
You have heard that it was said, "You shall not commit adultery." But I say to you that everyone who looks at a woman with lust has already committed adultery with her in his heart. If your right eye causes you to sin, tear it out and throw it away; it is better for you to lose one of your members than for your whole body to be thrown into hell. (For context, read 5:27-30.)
These words of Jesus from the Sermon on the Mount are directly applicable to the sexual tone of our culture, where lust is employed as a marketing tool, an entertainment outlet, an instrument of self-judgment about one's appearance, a sartorial guide and more.
Jesus warns here of committing adultery in one's heart. We recognize that unbidden thoughts and flickers of temptation can occur to any of us, but Jesus is speaking about something more than unbidden thoughts. The Greek word he used for lust doesn't mean a stray thought, but a covetous desire, the seeking of power over another person. He was warning about letting such thoughts lead us away from our commitments to be faithful.
As evidence of the serious harm that kind of lust can cause, Jesus gives the example of ripping out one's eye if it is the channel for sin. We don't think he meant that quite literally (though we can conceive of ripping out one's Internet connection if that's a channel for sin). But the pluck-out-the-eye example ought to help us think about the things we allow our minds to dwell on.
Questions: Since we can't rip society out of our lives, how might these words of Jesus prove helpful to us rather than just judgmental of us? What are some ways we can remove ourselves from the temptations we encounter in our world?
1 Thessalonians 4:3-6
For this is the will of God, your sanctification: that you abstain from fornication; that each one of you know how to control your own body in holiness and honor, not with lustful passion, like the Gentiles who do not know God; that no one wrong or exploit a brother or sister ... (For context, read 4:1-7.)
Regarding a biblical position on sex, passages such as this one from Paul are sometimes cited, with some people defining fornication as "sex between unmarried people," or at least including that. However, while the term clearly refers to a sin of the body, as the above passage makes plain, the Bible itself nowhere defines the term beyond that.
At minimum, however, the term refers to "inappropriate sexual behavior," and we would argue that it can, by extension, include using sex to sell, entice, pressure, market, etc.
In any case, Paul's words here are plain that we should not allow "lustful passion" to drive our behavior and we should not behave in ways that "exploit a brother or sister."
Questions: Are people who are targeted by sexualized marketing being exploited? Are they exploited only if the marketing leads them to purchase the product being advertised? Are you being exploited if you rent a movie primarily because it's marked "the unrated version"?
1 John 2:15-17
Do not love the world or the things in the world. The love of the Father is not in those who love the world; for all that is in the world -- the desire of the flesh, the desire of the eyes, the pride in riches -- comes not from the Father but from the world. And the world and its desire are passing away, but those who do the will of God live forever. (For context, read 2:7-17.)
The word "world" appears six times in these three verses, so it's useful to begin by considering what the author of 1 John intended by the term. He apparently means, as one commentary has it, "[hu]mankind, fallen away from God, and of hostile disposition towards Him, together with all that it lives for and has made its own." Another commentary defines "world" as "a deluded realm that is enslaved to wickedness ... as well as radically opposed to Christ." That's the "world" that John, in verse 15, warns his readers not to love (or, as used here, "not to hanker after or to pursue" is the sense of the Greek). And by those definitions, "world" could refer to our sexualized society.
In verse 16, John gives a reason for not loving the world: because what's represented by that world is in opposition to God. The Message version of the Bible paraphrases verse 16 this way: "Practically everything that goes on in the world -- wanting your own way, wanting everything for yourself, wanting to appear important -- has nothing to do with the Father. It just isolates you from him."
The more literal translation of verse 16, from the Common English Bible, is also worth hearing, warning against "the craving for whatever the body feels, the craving for whatever the eyes see and the arrogant pride in one's possessions."
Despite the strength of his words, John was not recommending that Christians pull out of everyday life. Rather, he meant that disciples should not derive their goals, motivations or agenda from the realm that does not have God and Christ in its center. John was not calling for a physical distance from the surrounding culture so much as for an attitudinal and values-related distance from it -- with one's allegiance given to God.
Question: How can we affirm that the world in general is a good gift from God without condoning that which distorts God's creation?
For Further Discussion
1. Discuss this: There's a saying attributed to St. Augustine on the matter of unbidden thoughts. He said that you can't prevent a bird from flying over your head, but you can keep it from building a nest in your hair.
2. Respond to Albert Mohler's comment, included in the "In the News" section above: "Those who live by a code of physical attractiveness will die by a code of physical attractiveness; those who try to build a marketing empire and a public relations momentum when it comes to highly sexualized images will eventually die by those highly sexualized images; trying to separate the good [and] the beautiful and the true as pornography always does, ... eventually ... falls apart."
3. Comment on Alexandra Corning's comment: "I would praise [A&F's] advertising decision regardless of their motives. Less bombardment by these kinds of images in the malls and online is better, healthwise, for everyone."
4. Respond to this, which is a contrast to A&F's former policy of selling no women's sizes larger than 10. TWW team member Frank Ramirez says, "I have a good friend in a small town who recently retired from retail. She ran a woman's clothing store and her motto was 'What Women Wear.' The clothes were wonderful and they were selected to fit the shapes women come in. I was always amazed by her fashion sense and her ability to appreciate everyone's shape. One time I had a friend visiting from another state and we stopped in at the store. My friend lamented that she was never able to find clothes that really fit her. My retailer friend took half a step back, looked her over and said, 'I've got something here for you.' My out-of-state friend left with several sets of clothing that delighted her. Most trips to clothing stores left her frustrated that she was somehow the wrong shape and size, but leaving this store, she felt great about her appearance."
5. Take time to examine the Sunday school materials used by your congregation. How are Bible characters depicted in the artwork? Is everyone the same size, perhaps what some would consider an "ideal" shape? How about the kids depicted in the artwork? What do they look like? Would a child in your church see people that look like them?
Responding to the News
Consider how to apply Romans 12:1-2 in your own life: "I appeal to you therefore, brothers and sisters, by the mercies of God, to present your bodies as a living sacrifice, holy and acceptable to God, which is your spiritual worship. Do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your minds, so that you may discern what is the will of God -- what is good and acceptable and perfect."
Closing Prayer
Help us, O Lord, to live fully in the world you have created for us, without being swayed by that which is ungodly in our culture. In Jesus' name. Amen.

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