Thursday, November 5, 2015

Preschoolers and Their Families Learn to Coexist in Increasingly Segregated Society

© 2015 The Wired Word
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Since mid-September, tensions in Jerusalem have spread due to disagreements over access to places sacred to Muslims, Christians and Jews. At least 55 Palestinians have died in clashes with Israeli authorities responding to attacks, often by knife-wielding assailants, that killed 11 Israelis.
While unrest percolates within the nation of Israel and violence mounts throughout the Middle East, educators in six Hand in Hand schools in Israel teach Muslim, Jewish and Christian students to respect and dialogue with each other.
One of those schools is located in the port city of Jaffa (or Joppa) just three miles south of Tel Aviv, where people of different faiths sometimes live as neighbors in integrated apartment buildings. But the idea of educating their children together is still novel in a nation that routinely segregates groups according to their differences.
The Jaffa school has 170 pupils, about half Arab and half Jewish. Classes are taught in Arabic and Hebrew, languages all students are expected to learn. "It's fun to know other languages because then you can speak with all kinds of people!" 5-year-old Ofri Druckman enthusiastically declared as two of her friends, one Arab and one Jewish, nodded appreciatively.
All holidays important to Judaism, Islam and Christianity are noted in class. Nor do teachers avoid difficult dates such as Israeli Independence Day and "Nakba" Day (when Palestinians mourn the birth of the nation of Israel).
Rebecca Bardach, Hand in Hand director of resource development and strategy, and parent of two children enrolled in the Hand in Hand school, vividly remembers a day about four years ago when she saw a 4-year-old boy at a daycare pretending to shoot a gun. When his mother came to pick him up, he cried out, "Mommy, I killed Arabs." Aware that children on all sides of conflict act out scenarios like this, Bardach was more grieved by the fact that the child's mother was so concerned about being late that she didn't even respond to his imagining the killing of other human beings.
Jewish photographer Dafna Kaplan said she heard her daughter, who attends a different school in Jaffa, call Palestinians "dirty Arabs" for the first time after the recent acts of violence in Israel. Kaplan described Hand in Hand as "the only sane place," which could only exist as people accept it as "a mission," as something "you have to create [because] it won't happen by itself."
"What is glaringly evident throughout the school is the strong desire to learn from one another, a commitment to tolerance and a sense of urgency to coexist," wrote Jewish-American educator and Hand in Hand volunteer Miri Wexler. "The students ... are not scared of differences; rather they approach 'the other' with curiosity and admiration."
Arab engineer Hani Chamy, who sent her two girls to the Hand in Hand preschool, said the schools prove that students of different backgrounds can "be together, while still different, and learn about each other."
More on this story can be found at these links:


The Big Questions
1. The Free Dictionary defines to coexist as "1) To exist together, at the same time, or in the same place. 2) To live in peace with another or others despite differences, especially as a matter of policy: 'I've been wrestling with the dilemma of how you coexist with those you hate' (Ariel Dorfman)." When have you found peaceful coexistence with someone or others particularly difficult? What factors made coexistence hard to achieve? How did you handle the stress of the situation? Can you coexist with those who hate you? If so, how do you do that? If not, what options do you have?
2. Respond to these questions from Rebecca Bardach, parent of two Hand in Hand students: "Are we the chosen people? To me the question is: Are we a choosing people? At every point along the way, we can choose what kind of society this is, what kind of people we are, which traditions we will espouse, debate or reject." What is the difference between being a "chosen people" and being "a choosing people"? What might be positive or negative aspects of viewing yourselves as "chosen"? as "choosing"? Can one be both? If a small group believes it can "choose" on behalf of the entire society, is that necessarily arrogant?
3. Were you ever welcomed as a stranger or included in spite of your differences? How did it affect you and others involved? When have you included a stranger in an attempt to find out more about him or her? Describe the experience and the outcome.
4. Respond to another set of questions from Bardach: "Today's students become tomorrow's citizens. What happens when children grow up rooted only in their community, and without any opportunity to interact with others, to be challenged by and appreciative of diversity, to learn about or learn from others? What kind of socializing influence and values do we want for our children? What kind of person[s] and what kind of citizen[s] do we want our children to become?"
5. Have you ever been involved in an experience in which a group of disparate individuals were required to work through their differences together to accomplish a task? What was challenging about the experience? What was rewarding?

Confronting the News With Scripture and Hope
Here are some Bible verses to guide your discussion:


John 4:7-10
A Samaritan woman came to draw water, and Jesus said to her, "Give me a drink." (His disciples had gone to the city to buy food.) The Samaritan woman said to him, "How is it that you, a Jew, ask a drink of me, a woman of Samaria?" (Jews do not share things in common with Samaritans.) Jesus answered her, "If you knew the gift of God, and who it is that is saying to you, 'Give me a drink,' you would have asked him, and he would have given you living water." (For context, read 4:3-42.)

Jesus' encounter with this woman highlights God's desire to invite the sinner and the outcast to share in God's salvation. Most Jews would have avoided Samaritans in general, and most Jewish men would have avoided the woman in particular, because of her gender, her "colorful" past (she had had five husbands, not counting the man she was living with at the time), her ethnicity, and her religion, which they considered an impure mishmash of their own faith with idolatrous practices of other belief systems. But Jesus deliberately traveled through Samaria (v. 4), and while there, he had the audacity to ask to share her cup before offering himself as living water to quench her spiritual thirst.
Questions: How often do you share things in common with people who are radically different from you? What barriers stand in the way of that kind of sharing for you? How did Jesus go about dismantling barriers between himself and the Samaritan woman, and what was the result?

Galatians 3:26-29
… for in Christ Jesus you are all children of God through faith. As many of you as were baptized into Christ have clothed yourselves with Christ. There is no longer Jew or Greek, there is no longer slave or free, there is no longer male and female; for all of you are one in Christ Jesus. And if you belong to Christ, then you are Abraham's offspring, heirs according to the promise. (For context, read 3:23-29.)

Paul's letter to the churches in Galatia deals with the problem of Jewish believers who were advocating a two-tiered hierarchy within the church that put those who followed Jewish laws in a higher class than Gentiles who did not. In no uncertain terms, Paul rejects that philosophy, arguing that we are not saved by our own works, but only through faith in Christ. Therefore, no one has higher status or worth than anyone else in the kingdom of God.
Questions: If Paul were writing a letter to Christians today, what other groups do you think he might add to the statement "There is no longer Jew or Greek … slave or free … male or female"? Does that mean that human diversity disappears, or something else?
Besides defining what we are not, how does Paul describe who we are in this passage? Who does Paul include among the "children of God"? Is anyone still excluded? Why or why not? What is meant by the statement that "the ground is level at the foot of the cross"?

Acts 10:15-17
The voice said to him again, a second time, "What God has made clean, you must not call profane." This happened three times, and the thing was suddenly taken up to heaven. Now while Peter was greatly puzzled about what to make of the vision that he had seen, suddenly the men sent by Cornelius appeared. (For context, read 10:1-48.)

In this passage, Peter is praying around lunchtime on a rooftop in Joppa, the very same city featured in our news story today, when he falls into a trance. In a vision, he sees all sorts of animals being lowered down from heaven in a sheet, and he hears a voice telling him to kill and eat one of them. When he objects that he has never eaten prohibited foods, the voice declares that God's cleansing removes the "banned" label.
The vision occurs three times, as if to emphasize the importance of the message, but then the sheet is taken up to heaven, as if to indicate that the message is about more than dietary restrictions. At that moment, messengers from a Roman centurion show up, and Peter begins to connect the dots.
Even though the visitors are Gentiles with whom it was unlawful for Jews to associate (vv. 28-29), Peter not only speaks to them but gives them lodging (v. 23) and accompanies them to the house of Cornelius, where he preaches this message of inclusion: "... God shows no partiality, but in every nation anyone who fears him and does what is right is acceptable to him, … Jesus Christ … is Lord of all, [and] everyone who believes in him receives forgiveness of sins through his name" (vv. 34-36, 43).
Questions: When is the last time you were surprised or puzzled by something God revealed? What was God trying to teach you?

Matthew 5:9, 43-45
Blessed are the peacemakers, for they will be called children of God. … You have heard that it was said, 'You shall love your neighbor and hate your enemy.' But I say to you, Love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you, so that you may be children of your Father in heaven; for he makes his sun rise on the evil and on the good, and sends rain on the righteous and on the unrighteous. (For context, read 5:1- 12, 43-48.)

In these verses from the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus lays out the nature of those who are God's children.
Questions: Why do you think those who make peace will be called children of God? Who gives peacemakers that name? Why are the acts of loving your enemies and praying for those who persecute you markers of the children of God?
What is the relationship between "tough love" and peacemaking? Is it possible to be a peacemaker while at the same time exercising "tough love"? Why or why not?

John 1:9, 12
The true light, which enlightens everyone, was coming into the world. … But to all who received him, who believed in his name, he gave power to become children of God …. (For context, read 1:9-13.)

These verses from John's introduction to his gospel describe the incarnation of Jesus, when God became human and dwelt among us as Emmanuel, God with us. He is depicted as light that shines on everyone; as the sun when it dawns does not provide light only for certain people of a particular race or gender or status in the world, so Jesus does not hide his light from the rich or the poor, from the powerful or the weak. He enlightens everyone. In the context we also see him rejected, yet to all who receive him, who believe in his name, he gives power to become children of God.
In the preceding passage, we read that peacemakers will be called children of God and that those who love their enemies and pray for their persecutors will be children of God. Here, to those who receive Jesus and believe in his name, he gives power to become children of God.
Questions: What is involved in becoming God's children? How do people in the world recognize those who are truly the children of God, who bear God's likeness in everything they say and do?
For Further Discussion
1. Read the lyrics or listen to the song "You've Got to Be Carefully Taught" from the musical South Pacific. Is hatred primarily inborn, or introduced from one's environment? Comment on this from TWW writer Joanna Loucky-Ramsey: "Attitudes of children are certainly influenced by authority figures and peers as well as by blatant or subtle subtexts in messages from educators, government agencies, marketers, purveyors of popular culture and beliefs, and others." How can the church assist parents who want to "train up a child in the way he should go"?

2. Ashutosh Varshney, in his 2002 book Ethnic Conflict and Civic Life: Hindus and Muslims in India, reported that ethnic violence between Muslims and Hindus was largely restricted to certain cities where groups were segregated and lacking in common experience and goals. Such violence rarely happened in the smaller villages where people of different religions and ethnic backgrounds lived close enough together to get to know each other well as neighbors. 
     In other words, when disparate people belonged to the same associations, unions, book clubs, athletic clubs, businesses and organizations, sharing common interests and goals, violence did not generally break out. 
     With further study, Varshney discovered that this phenomenon held true in the former Yugoslavia, Ireland and the United States. When people belong to the same organizations and share daily associations they generally will ignore provocations, finding a way to get along, even with tremendous differences.
     In light of these findings, consider the following questions:
a) Why do you think some prominent people in government and media suggest we should be in a state of war, or at least be wary and suspicious of those we see as different from us? 
b) What associations do you have in common with people who are substantially different from you? 
c) Must associations only be among Christians, or does Christ call us to cross all boundaries and barriers? 
d) How might church members go about building deep and intentional relationships with others who are quite different from ourselves? 
e) When and where have you seen peace preserved because people with significant differences worked together to find and build common ground? 
f) What is the role of the church in such endeavors?

Responding to the News
What can you do as an individual to begin to share things in common with people who are substantially different from you? What can your group or church do to connect more meaningfully with people who don't look like you? Why might you want to do this?
Closing Prayer
Father God, help us to open our hearts to you and to others with the generosity and guilelessness of children, so that we may see people as you see them, love them with enthusiasm, and welcome them without reservation, as you have welcomed us. For the sake of Christ and by the power of the Spirit at work within and among us. Amen.

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